Research Advances in Janus Particles Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

Ying-chun Long; Fu-xin Liang

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25054

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Research Advances in Janus Particles Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization

Review (Emerging Young Scientists) | 更新时间：2025-10-14

- Research Advances in Janus Particles Prepared by Emulsion Polymerization
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 56, Issue 10, Pages: 1674-1688(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学化学工程系高分子研究所北京 100084
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25054
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7441
- Received：03 May 2025，
  
  Accepted：18 June 2025，
  
  Published Online：14 August 2025，
  
  Published：20 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
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龙莹春, 梁福鑫. 乳液聚合制备Janus颗粒研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(10), 1674-1688

Long, Y. C.; Liang, F. X. Research advances in Janus particles prepared by emulsion polymerization. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(10), 1674-1688
龙莹春, 梁福鑫. 乳液聚合制备Janus颗粒研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(10), 1674-1688 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25054. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7441.

Long, Y. C.; Liang, F. X. Research advances in Janus particles prepared by emulsion polymerization. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(10), 1674-1688 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25054. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7441.

摘要

Janus颗粒因其独特的表面分区结构，在多相多组分复合体系界面调控和功能化方面展现出重要作用. 然而，Janus颗粒结构相对复杂，其微结构精确调控和批量化制备一直是限制其更多应用探索的瓶颈问题. 本综述从Janus颗粒结构构筑原理出发，简述了Janus颗粒制备技术的重要发展历程，重点介绍了乳液聚合方法在Janus颗粒制备方面优势，并从传统乳液聚合、种子乳液聚合、Pickering乳液聚合和乳液界面聚合四个方面总结了乳液聚合制备Janus颗粒的最新研究进展. 传统乳液聚合方面主要介绍了一步构筑Janus乳液的体系特点，以及介绍了种子乳液聚合的原理、Pickering乳液聚合的发展和乳液界面聚合中调控Janus颗粒形貌和结构的影响因素，最后探讨了Janus颗粒制备技术的未来发展方向.

Abstract

Janus particles are commonly defined as colloidal structures with two distinct surface regions that differ in physical or chemical properties. They have been widely recognized for their multifunctionality in areas such as emulsion stabilization

targeted drug delivery

catalysis

and sensing. Due to their anisotropic nature

enhanced interfacial behavior and spatially selective interactions can be achieved. However

the precise control of their microstructures and the development of scalable fabrication techniques remain key challenges. To address these limitations

emulsion polymerization has been extensively employed as a versatile and controllable method. Its mild reaction conditions

compatibility with various monomers

and tunable polymerization pathways have enabled the successful preparation of a wide range of Janus particles. Four principal emulsion polymerization strategies have been developed and systematically studied: traditional emulsion polymerization

seeded emulsion polymerization

Pickering emulsion polymerization

and interfacial emulsion polymerization. In traditional approaches

Janus emulsions are typically formed in a one-step process

but fine control over morphology is often limited. In seeded emulsion polymerization

asymmetry is introduced by directional polymer growth on preformed seed particles

allowing greater precision in particle structure. In Pickering emulsion polymerization

emulsion droplets are stabilized by solid particles

and polymerization is selectively initiated at specific regions through masking effects or selective monomer affinity at interfaces

enabling precise control of particle morphology and composition. In interfacial emulsion polymerization

polymer growth is triggered at phase boundaries

permitting the fabrication of compartmentalized and well-defined Janus architectures. Although significant advancements have been achieved through these methods

difficulties in reproducibility

yield

and large-scale production continue to hinder their broader application. To overcome these issues

further improvements in interfacial stability

emulsion design

and polymerization kinetics are required. Overall

emulsion polymerization has been demonstrated as an effective technique for the fabrication of Janus particles

and continued progress in this field is expected to facilitate their transition from laboratory-scale synthesis in advanced materials research to industrial-scale production.

关键词

Keywords

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