Advances in Self-healing Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Shang-zhi Yue; Zhong-zhen Yu; Dan Yang

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25041

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Advances in Self-healing Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Review | 更新时间：2025-06-13

- Advances in Self-healing Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 56, Issue 6, Pages: 881-902(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室北京 100029
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25041
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7403
- Received：18 March 2025，
  
  Accepted：25 April 2025，
  
  Published Online：22 May 2025，
  
  Published：20 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
岳尚志, 于中振, 杨丹. 自修复介电弹性体致动器的研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(6), 881-902

Yue, S. Z.; Yu, Z. Z.; Yang, D. Advances in self-healing dielectric elastomer actuators. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(6), 881-902
岳尚志, 于中振, 杨丹. 自修复介电弹性体致动器的研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(6), 881-902 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25041. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7403.

Yue, S. Z.; Yu, Z. Z.; Yang, D. Advances in self-healing dielectric elastomer actuators. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(6), 881-902 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25041. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7403.

摘要

介电弹性体致动器(DEA)能在外界电刺激作用下产生类似肌肉的收缩-舒张变形，被誉为人工肌肉，在软体机器人领域具有广阔应用前景. 传统DEA不具备自修复性能，设计制备能抵御机械损伤和电学损伤的弹性体材料是解决DEA长效稳定服役的关键. 本文首先概述了DEA的组成、机理及其驱动模式. 然后详细介绍了自修复DEA的制备方法，主要包括自修复介电弹性体和自修复柔性电极的设计策略，并阐明了其优缺点. 最后对DEA的未来发展趋势进行了展望，以期推动DEA的快速发展和应用.

Abstract

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs)

which can produce muscle-like contraction-diastolic deformation under external electrical stimulation

are known as artificial muscle. Due to the advantages of simple structure

fast response speed

large strain output

and high energy density

DEAs have been showing a broad application prospect in the field of soft robotics

prosthetic organs

and braille displays. However

DEAs are susceptible to electrical and mechanical damage during operation

largely limits their long-term and stable service life. Design and preparation of elastomer materials that can endure mechanical and electrical damage is the key to solve the above problem. In this paper

the working principles and material characteristics of DEAs are firstly outlined

then the corresponding optimization methods for improving their actuation performance are introduced. Afterwards

DEAs with various configurations and their working mechanism are issued

showcasing the development of DEAs in biomimetic robots. Next

recent advances in self-healing DEAs containing self-healing dielectric elastomers and self-healing flexible electrodes are summarized. By introducing reversible covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds into polymer chains is a common method to synthesized the self-healing dielectric elastomers. Besides

preparing self-clearing elastomers and adding liquid dielectrics into elastomer matrices can also endow DEAs with self-healing abilities. However

self-cleaning process of dielectric elastomers will lead to the gradual decline of the actuation performance in DEAs and the strict encapsulation is required to avoid liquid leakage in liquid dielectric filled-DEAs. By doping polymers with conductive components

self-clearing compliant electrodes can be obtained by isolating the defects after the device underwent electrical breakdown. However

the mechanical damages such as cracks and scratches on the self-clearing compliant electrodes can hardly be healed. Otherwise

the self-healing compliant electrode with reversible covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds can endure both electrical damage and mechanical damage. At last

the future challenges in DEAs are proposed for promoting their rapid development and application in soft robots.

关键词

Keywords

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