Fluorescent Probes Based on Structure-controlled Polypropenylenes for Nitroaromatic Detection

Tong-yao Zhao; Ming-yi Liao; Pi-bo Liu

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25217

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Fluorescent Probes Based on Structure-controlled Polypropenylenes for Nitroaromatic Detection

Research Article | 更新时间：2026-01-16

- Fluorescent Probes Based on Structure-controlled Polypropenylenes for Nitroaromatic Detection
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 57, Issue 1, Pages: 218-231(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.大连海事大学交通运输工程学院大连 116026
  2.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所高性能高分子材料研究中心DN
  L22 大连 116023
- 作者简介：
  
  Ming-yi Liao, E-mail: liaomy@dlmu.edu.cn
  Pi-bo Liu, E-mail: pibo.liu@dicp.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25217
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7516
- Received：30 August 2025，
  
  Accepted：12 November 2025，
  
  Published Online：31 December 2025，
  
  Published：20 January 2026
- 稿件说明：
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赵彤瑶, 廖明义, 刘丕博. 结构可控聚亚丙烯荧光探针用于硝基芳烃的检测性能研究. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(1), 218-231.

Zhao, T. Y.; Liao, M. Y.; Liu, P. B. Fluorescent probes based on structure-controlled polypropenylenes for nitroaromatic detection. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(1), 218-231.
赵彤瑶, 廖明义, 刘丕博. 结构可控聚亚丙烯荧光探针用于硝基芳烃的检测性能研究. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(1), 218-231. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25217. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7516.

Zhao, T. Y.; Liao, M. Y.; Liu, P. B. Fluorescent probes based on structure-controlled polypropenylenes for nitroaromatic detection. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(1), 218-231. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25217. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7516.

摘要

为应对硝基芳烃类爆炸物构成的持续公共安全威胁，开发高灵敏、高选择性的检测方法至关重要，其中，开发具有新颖结构和独特传感机理的非共轭聚合物仍是该领域的一大挑战. 本工作以一类具有非传统发光特性的新兴不饱和聚合物(聚亚丙烯)为荧光探针，研究了其主链结构与侧链官能团(苯基及卤代苯基)对硝基芳烃荧光响应的构效关系. 结果表明，该系列聚合物对2

6-三硝基苯酚(TNP)、2

6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)及硝基苯(NB)均表现出显著的动态荧光淬灭，其中，对TNP的响应尤为突出，淬灭常数(

)高达1.43×10

L/mol，检测极限(LOD)低至1.54×10

-7

mol/L，综合性能优于多数已报道的荧光探针材料. 机理研究表明其对硝基化合物的检测特性源于3-苯基聚亚丙烯(P3-PhAY)主链的超共轭效应及2-卤代苯基聚亚丙烯(P2-4FPhAY、P2-4ClPhAY和P2-4BrPhAY)侧链的卤素放大了光诱导电子转移(PET)过程，而与TNP之间独特的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)通道则赋予了体系超高的选择性. 本工作不仅为爆炸物检测提供了一种高性能探针，更通过阐明其“结构-机理-性能”关系，为设计新一代非共轭聚合物荧光传感器提供了全新的策略和理论依据.

Abstract

In response to the persistent public security threat posed by nitroaromatic explosives

developing highly sensitive and selective detection methods is crucial. The development of nonconjugated polymers with novel structures and unique sensing mechanisms remains a major challenge in this field. This study investigated a class of emerging unsaturated polymers with non-traditional luminescent properties

polypropenylene

as a fluorescent probe

examining the structure-activity relationship between the backbone structure and side-chain functional groups (phenyl and halogenated phenyl) regarding their fluorescence response to nitroaromatic compounds. The results demonstrated that this series of polymers exhibited significant dynamic fluorescence quenching toward 2

6-trinitrophenol (TNP)

6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

and nitrobenzene (NB). Among them

the response to TNP was particularly outstanding

with a quenching constant (

) as high as 1.43×10

L/mol and a detection limit (LOD) as low as 1.54×10

-7

mol/L

outperforming most reported fluorescent sensing materials in terms of overall performance. More importantly

mechanistic studies revealed that the exceptional sensing performance originated from the hyperconjugation effect in the backbone of P3-PhAY and the halogen atoms in the side chains of P2-4FPhAY

P2-4ClPhAY

and P2-4BrPhAY

which collectively enhanced the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Moreover

a unique fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pathway with TNP endows the system with ultra-high selectivity. This study not only provides a high-performance probe for explosive detection but also offers a novel strategy and theoretical foundation for designing a new generation of non-conjugated

polymer-based fluorescent sensors by elucidating the "structure-mechanism-performance" relationship.

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