Mechanochromism and Photochromism of Catechol-bridged Double Rhodamine in Elastomer

Shi-chao Lian; Huan Hu; Bing-jian Zhang; Yong-jie Li; Jun-Teng Liu; Zhi-jian Wang; Zhi-yong Ma

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040

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Mechanochromism and Photochromism of Catechol-bridged Double Rhodamine in Elastomer

更新时间：2026-04-22

- Mechanochromism and Photochromism of Catechol-bridged Double Rhodamine in Elastomer
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Pages: 1-8(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学化学工程学院有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室北京 100029
  2.北京大学工学院北京 100871
  3.北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100191
- 作者简介：
  
  Zhi-yong Ma, E-mail: mazhy@mail.buct.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7579
- Received：05 February 2026，
  
  Accepted：13 March 2026，
  
  Online First：22 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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连世超, 胡欢, 张炳健, 李永杰, 刘君腾, 王志坚, 马志勇. 邻苯二酚双联罗丹明在弹性体中的力致变色和光致变色. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040.

Lian, S. C.; Hu, H; Zhang, B. J.; Li, Y. J.; Liu, J. T.; Wang, Z. J.; Ma, Z. Y. Mechanochromism and photochromism of catechol-bridged double rhodamine in elastomer. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040.
连世超, 胡欢, 张炳健, 李永杰, 刘君腾, 王志坚, 马志勇. 邻苯二酚双联罗丹明在弹性体中的力致变色和光致变色. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7579.

Lian, S. C.; Hu, H; Zhang, B. J.; Li, Y. J.; Liu, J. T.; Wang, Z. J.; Ma, Z. Y. Mechanochromism and photochromism of catechol-bridged double rhodamine in elastomer. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26040. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7579.

摘要

设计并合成了一种基于邻苯二酚的新型双螺环力致变色基团ISO-ABPX，并系统研究了其在聚氨酯(PU)及双网络弹性体(PMA-PU)中的光致变色与力致变色行为及其机理. 研究发现，无论是365 nm紫外光照射还是外界压力作用下，ISO-ABPX均仅发生单一螺环的开环反应，生成开闭态(ISO-ABPX

)，在520和557 nm处呈现特征吸收带，并伴随592 nm处荧光显著增强；第二个螺环在光、力刺激下均保持稳定，难以打开. 通过构建双网络结构(PMA-PU)，材料的光致变色响应受到明显抑制，而力致变色行为依然显著，体现了其对刺激响应的选择性. 研究还表明，ISO-ABPX@PU体系在40 ℃加热后可逆恢复至初始闭环态，具有良好的循环使用性. 理论计算(CoGEF)进一步揭示，螺环C―N键

断裂所需力约为4.37 nN，从能量角度支持了实验观测到的单一螺环开环路径. 本工作不仅拓展了双螺环力响应分子的结构类型，更为发展具有可逆、多态响应特性的智能力学传感材料提供了新的分子设计策略与实验依据.

Abstract

In this work

a novel double-spiro mechaophore ISO-ABPX fused be catechol was designed and synthesized

and its photochromic and mechanochromic behaviors and mechanisms in polyurethane (PU) and double-network elastomer (PMA-PU) were systematically investigated. It was found that under both 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation and external pressure

ISO-ABPX only underwent the ring-opening reaction of a single spiro group

generating the open-closed state (ISO-ABPXOC)

which showed characteristic absorption bands at 520 and 557 nm

accompanied by a significant enhancement of fluorescence at 592 nm. The second spiro ring remained stable under both light and mechanical stimuli and was difficult to open. By constructing a double-network structure (PMA-PU)

the photochromic response of the material was significantly suppressed

while the mechanochromic behavior remained prominent

demonstrating its selectivity in response to stimuli. The study also revealed that the ISO-ABPX@PU system reversibly returned to the initial closed-ring state after heating at 40 ℃

indicating good reversibility. Theoretical calculations (CoGEF) further revealed that the force required to break the C―N bond of the spiro group was approximately 4.37 nN

which supports the experimentally observed single spiro ring-opening pathway from an energy perspective. This work not only expands the structural types of bis-spiro force-responsive molecules but also provides new molecular design strategies and experimental evidence for the development of intelligent mechanical sensing materials with reversible and multi-state response properties.

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