最新刊期
卷 56 ， 期 5 ， 2025
- 摘要：This study utilizes commercial ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as the starting material and successfully synthesized a series of polyethylene (PE) derivatives containing varying amounts of benzotriazole groups through Mitsunobu derivatization reactions. The synthesized polyethylene benzotriazole derivatives were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to confirm their molecular structures. The results indicated that as the functional group content increased, the thermal stability of the material decreased, and the crystallinity of the ethylene segments also showed a declining trend, while the dielectric constant was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, based on the compatibility of the PE derivatives with the linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix, blended materials of the two were successfully prepared. By fixing the total content of the substituent groups, the study compared the effects of the functionalization degree of the PE derivatives and their content in the blend on the dielectric constant of the blend. It was found that increasing the functionalization degree of the PE derivatives more effectively improves the dielectric constant. These findings provide new insights for the molecular design of polymer dielectric materials.关键词：Polyolefin functionalization modification;Blending;Dielectric properties;Degree of functionalization415|257|0更新时间：2025-06-17
Research Article (Emerging Young Scientists)
- 摘要：CO2 is a benign, inexpensive, abundant, and non-toxic trigger for stimuli-responsive materials, and has received increasing attention in recent years. CO2 stimuli-responsive polymers, as an attractive type of "smart" macromolecules, undergo a reversible transition in the physical and chemical properties of polymers when CO2 is introduced or excluded from the polymer system, exhibiting broad application prospects in various scientific fields. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development of CO2-responsive polymers and introduces the working mechanisms of different types of CO2-responsive groups from chemical structures, including amidines, tertiary amines, guanidines, imidazoles, and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). Methods for the synthesis of CO2-responsive polymers are introduced, including free radical polymerization (FRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and postpolymerization modification. Subsequently, the techniques for the characterization of CO2-responsive polymers are summarized, including structural characterization using 1H-NMR and FTIR, and property characterization using measurements of pH, conductivity, Zeta potential, and transmittance. Assemblies, latexes, gels, composites, and membranes with CO2 responsiveness are introduced separately from the perspective of smart response systems, and the current status of these developments is summarized. Among these, research on the second generation of CO2-responsive systems is highlighted, which are based on the "dynamic gas bridge" formed between boron/phosphorus frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs and carbon dioxide gas molecules. Meanwhile, a stepwise summary of CO2-responsive polymers for CO2 capture, smart catalysts, protein adsorption, controllable separation, fluorescence sensing, and drug delivery is presented. Eventually, the current challenges toward the development of CO2-responsive polymers are discussed and summarized, accompanied by an outlook of the future application prospects and development directions. Large-scale production of CO2-responsive polymers remains a significant challenge, while further investigation of the response mechanism to improve the sensitivity and cyclic stability of the response process will provide the basis for the development of CO2-responsive materials that have a broader range of applications.关键词：CO2-responsive polymers;Reversible transition;Polymer self-assembly;Functional application431|609|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：Structural color has attracted significant attention due to its durability, environmental friendliness, and high saturation. Chiral structural colors, in particular, hold great promise for advanced optical control due to their tunable polarization properties, making them ideal for next-generation optical devices. Blue-phase liquid crystals (BPLC), with their unique three-dimensional chiral structures and dynamically adjustable structural colors, have drawn considerable interest from researchers. This review summarizes the patterning strategies, responsiveness, and applications of BPLC, beginning with an overview of their concept and fundamental properties.The review first introduces the basic principles and properties of BPLC, highlighting the methods to expand their temperature range, such as polymer-polymer stabilization, molecular tuning, and inorganic material doping. Next, it explores patterning techniques for BPLC and the multiple responsive behaviors of these patterns. Key preparation methods including chemical substrate patterning, mask-based techniques, inkjet printing, direct writing and laser cutting are discussed. The responsiveness of the patterns is discussed in terms of the optical property changes and pattern transformations induced by various external stimuli, including electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical, and solvent or vapor exposure.Finally, the article discusses the optical applications of BPLC in areas such as information transmission, lasers, and sensors, while also addressing current challenges in BPLC patterning and potential future research directions.关键词：Blue phase liquid crystal;Polymer stabilization;Patterning;Responsiveness;Optical applications477|617|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a unique bio-based polymer resource of China, renowned for its outstanding properties as a natural polymer. EUG, which shares a similar chemical composition with natural rubber, is considered an isomeric alternative. This review introduces the chemical modification and physical blending strategies applied to EUG, highlighting its potential as a shape memory material. The structure and mechanisms underpinning EUG's shape memory properties are discussed in detail. This review also systematically summarizes the preparation and performance enhancement techniques of EUG-based shape memory materials. Chemical modifications, such as the introduction of polar functional groups or covalent cross-linking, and physical blending with low-molecular-weight organic compounds, polymers, inorganic fillers, or metal salts, have been shown to significantly improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of EUG materials. The review concludes by proposing future directions for the development of EUG-based shape memory functionalities. The development of EUG shape memory materials should focus on low-cost, multifunctional, and fully bio-based approaches. Enhancing the biocompatibility of the material and incorporating various functional fillers or chemical modifications can enable advanced capabilities, such as remote triggering, self-healing, and electrical conductivity. To promote the industrialization of EUG shape memory materials, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to facilitate the transition from laboratory research to commercial application, offering a more sustainable and efficient solution for the global rubber industry.关键词：Trans-1;4-polyisoprene;Eucommia ulmoides gum;Shape memory polymer;Chemical modification;Physical blending319|333|0更新时间：2025-06-17
Review
- 摘要：With the increasing depletion of petroleum resources, there is an urgent need to develop a new olefin reduction technology to optimize gasoline products while making effective use of the huge amounts of mixed olefin in petrochemical industry. Free radical copolymerization of C4-C5 mixed olefin with maleic anhydride using self-stabilized precipitation polymerization was used to prepare copolymer microsphere with controllable particle size and narrow size distribution, which effectively reduced the olefin content of mixed olefin, and realized resource utilization. The copolymer microsphere was modified by gas-solid in-situ amidation reaction, in-situ imidation reaction and chlorination, being transformed to N-halamine antimicrobial microspheres. Copolymer microsphere was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, and EDS mapping, which showed that it was alternating copolymer, and the olefin reduction rate of polymerization reaction reached up to 45%. The N-halamine antimicrobial microsphere had 0.7% of chlorine concentration, and its inhibition rates against E. coli and S.aureus reached more than 99.99% only after 10 min incubation, which showed excellent antimicrobial properties. The chlorine concentration of the microspheres increased from 0.52% to 1.35% after six rechlorinating cycles, indicating that N-halamine has good recyclability.关键词：Mixed olefin;Self-stabilizing precipitation polymerization;Olefin reduce;N-halamine270|151|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：To address the challenges of natural rubber resource shortages and the high carbon emissions associated with synthetic rubber, this study developed a bio-based polyester elastomer/lignin composite material. The composite materials was prepared with bio-based polyester elastomer as matrix and biomass resource lignin as reinforcing filler. Although lignin possesses abundant polar functional groups and excellent reinforcing potential, its poor dispersibility and tendency to agglomerate within the matrix limit its effectiveness. To overcome this, zinc methacrylate (ZDMA) was introduced to enhance lignin dispersion and improve the mechanical properties of the composite by forming interfacial zinc coordination bonds. The formation of these coordination bonds was confirmed through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a significant improvement in lignin particle dispersion. The introduction of ZDMA not only strengthened the interaction between lignin and the elastomer matrix but also enhanced the dynamic properties of the composite by enabling energy absorption. As the ZDMA dosage increased, the tensile strength of the composite improved substantially. At a lignin dosage of 20 phr and a ZDMA dosage of 6 phr, the composite achieved a tensile strength of 10.2 MPa, an increase of 386% compared to composites without ZDMA. Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent dynamic mechanical properties, including high energy storage modulus and energy absorption capacity, meeting the performance requirements for applications such as shoe materials and sealing rings. This study proposes a simple and effective composite modification method, leveraging ZDMA to enable efficient lignin utilization and producing a fully bio-based rubber material with exceptional performance and environmental sustainability.关键词：Bio-based polyester elastomer;Lignin;Bio-based composites;Coordination bonds292|176|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：The synthesis of urea-formaldehyde resin, a representative of thermosetting formaldehyde-based adhesives, is based on the polycondensation reaction. However, due to limitations in its raw materials and depolymerisation reactions, the bonding of wood based panels results in the long-term release of formaldehyde. The development of formaldehyde-free adhesives represents an effective solution to the formaldehyde pollution problem associated with wood based panels. This paper proposes a novel chemical method for the synthesis of water-soluble, formaldehyde-free adhesives. Firstly, the low-cost olefin/mixed olefin and maleic anhydride are employed as the raw materials, and olefin/mixed olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer microspheres are synthesised by self-stabilised precipitation polymerisation (2SP). Subsequently, the uniform particle size, internal porousness and high reactivity of the microspheres were exploited to prepare olefin/mixed olefin-maleic acid copolymers (referred to as OMA resin) directly by gas-solid reaction with ammonia. The OMA resin can bond wood through a completely different gluing mechanism when subjected to the same hot-pressing conditions as those used for urea-formaldehyde resins: under high-temperature conditions, the amide group of the OMA resin undergoes the process involving both imidisation and esterification with the hydroxyl group of the wood, resulting in a transformation from a water-soluble material to a hydrophobic material. Additionally, through cross-linking reaction with wood facilitates excellent gluing performance. The comprehensive performance of fibreboard, particleboard and plywood prepared with allyl resin exceeds the requirements of the national standard. The product is water-soluble, contains no formaldehyde, benzene or xylene, and can be derived from a wide range of raw materials and cost-effective. Furthermore, the gluing process is similar to that of urea-formaldehyde resin and the product exhibits excellent gluing performance. Therefore, OMA resin shows great potential to replace traditional urea-formaldehyde resin.关键词：Olefin-Maleamic acid resin;Formaldehyde-free adhesive;self-stabilized precipitation polymerization;Wood based panel254|142|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：The homopolymerization and copolymerization of E-pentadiene (E-PD) and styrene (St) by half- sandwich rare earth complexes Cp'Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 (1: Cp' = C5Me4SiMe3, Ln = Sc; 2: Cp' = C5Me4SiMe3, Ln = Nd; 3: Cp' = fluorene, Ln = Sc; 4: Cp' = fluorene, Ln = Nd) have been studied. The microstructure and thermal properties of the obtained polymers were characterized by NMR, GPC, DSC and copolymerization kinetics. The results indicated that the central metal (Ln) and ligand structures (Cp') of half-sandwich rare earth complexes directly influenced the activity and selectivity of E-PD and St polymerization, as well as the sequence structure of E-PD-St copolymers. The scandium complex 1 can serve as an efficient catalyst for the homopolymerization and copolymerization of E-PD and St. The polymerization of E-PD and St in toluene at 25 ℃ for 5 min afforded the corresponding polymers in 100% yield. The cis-1,4 selectivity of E-PD polymerization was 72%, and the syndiotacticity (rrrr) of St polymerization was 99%. The copolymerization of E-PD and St catalyzed by the scandium complex 1 with different feed ratios afforded the multi-block E-PD-St copolymers, and the composition of E-PD-St copolymers can be controlled by changing the feed ratio of E-PD and St. The multi-block E-PD-St copolymers with different compositions possessed a melting point (Tm = 249~266 ℃) originating from syndiotactic polySt (sPS) blocks and a glass transition temperature (Tg = -42 - -49 ℃) originating from polyE-PD blocks. The neodymium complex 4 can also serve as an efficient catalyst for the homopolymerization and copolymerization of E-PD and St, however decreased in polymerization activity and changed in polymerization selectivity compared with the scandium complex 1. The homopolymerization of E-PD catalyzed by the neodymium complex 4 in toluene solvent at 70 ℃ for 1 h afforded a polymer containing 80% trans-1,4 poly E-PD in 94% yield. Under the same conditions, the homopolymerization of St for 4 h resulted in sPS with 84% syndiotacticity in 90% yield. The copolymerization of E-PD and St in different feed ratios for 4 h afforded the random E-PD-St copolymers with different compositions in more than 80% yield. The random E-PD-St copolymers with different compositions possessed a Tg between -28 and 84 ℃, which increased with the increase of St content in the copolymers.关键词：Pentadiene;Styrene;Copolymerization;Rare earth complexes250|60|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：Poly(ethylene-co-octene) (POE) slices with micropillar arrays on their surfaces were prepared by compression molding, then conductive pyrrole (Py) layer was polymerized on the slices to obtain sensing substrates by Py polymerization. Two sensing substrates with the micropillar arrays were assembled into a flexible interlocked piezoresistive sensor face to face. For the sensing substrate prepared at 30 min polymerization time, complete conductive polypyrrole (PPy) layer is developed at the micropillars and on the base surface of the sensing substrate, and more obvious worm-shaped microwrinkles appear on the PPy layer, which are confirmed by scanning electron microscope observation, infrared spectrum test and surface resistivity test. The interlocked piezoresistive sensor exhibits higher cyclic response stability and repeatability and wider pressure response range, which are attributed to higher pressure resistance and mutual support of the interlocked micropillars as well as higher resilience of POE. More importantly, the interlocked sensors have shorter response/recovery time (30/41 ms), lower detection limit (~10 Pa), and higher sensitivity, which are attributed to the secondary microwrinkles developed at the micropillars. The interlocked piezoresistive sensor exhibit good responses when applied to detect weak physiological signals (e.g., wrist/carotid pulse and facial movement) and higher-pressure scenario (e.g., plantar pressure), demonstrating its good application prospect in health monitoring and motion detection.关键词：Flexible piezoresistive sensor;Polypyrrole;Micropillar arrays;Interlocked assembly;Poly(ethylene-co-octene)272|203|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：The chain-growth mechanism is discussed during synthesizing aromatic liquid crystalline polyester by step-wise melt-polymerization of ABA/ANA. At the initial stage of polymerization (polymerization temperature ≤280 ℃), the 'head-to-tail' chain-growth procedure between the carboxyl and acetoxy groups, known as acidolysis mechanism, is promoted showing the decreasing peak area of the acetoxy and carboxylic acid groups, while an increasing peak area of the ester group in the spectra of FTIR measurements of the polymeric components. Interestingly, two different melting temperatures, independence of the heating history, are observed by DSC scanning, with the increasing extent of polymerization. The lower temperature is in the range of 270-278 ℃ and the higher temperature is in range of 290-292 ℃, which suggests two polymeric components were formed during the polymerization. Furthermore, with the elevated polymerization temperature up to 300 ℃, the polymer chains propagate following the same mechanism as "head-to-tail". Meanwhile, the products keep showing two melting temperatures from the DSC scanning. However, by increasing the polymerization temperature to 320 ℃, the product shows the highest proportion of alternatively diad sequence by 13C-NMR measurement and one melting temperature from the DSC scanning, which suggests that the randomization of the diad sequence and the transition of two polymeric components to uniformed product are accelerated. This is due to the transesterification between the polymer chains promoted by the increased polymerization temperature.关键词：Liquid Crystalline Polyester;Acidolysis;Transesterification197|171|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：In advanced materials research, the investigation of intelligent materials with diverse properties has emerged as a significant focus. Here, we present the successful preparation of an inverse opal photonic crystal (PC) hydrogel film that exhibits remarkable responsiveness to both temperature and pressure. Silica (SiO2) nanospheres of various sizes were initially synthesized using the well-known Stöber method. The size of the microspheres was controlled by adjusting the concentration of TEOS and the reaction temperature during the synthesis process. Subsequently, the SiO2 PC template with an opal structure and the PC hydrogel film with an inverse opal structure were sequentially fabricated through the vertical deposition method and the sacrificial template method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and fiber optic spectrometry were employed to characterize the microstructures, structural colors, and reflection spectra of both the SiO2 PC template and the PC hydrogel film.The results showed that both the SiO₂ PC template and the PC hydrogel film had an ordered hexagonal structure. The structural color of the hydrogel film could be effectively regulated by changing the size of the SiO2 nanospheres. Thanks to the temperature-sensitive nature of chitosan within the hydrogel and the unique inverse opal structure, the hydrogel film demonstrated dual-response characteristics to temperature and pressure. Moreover, the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) endowed the film with excellent conductivity, allowing it to not only show visible color changes but also provide electrical signal feedback during mechanical deformations. The developed PC hydrogel film, characterized by dual stimuli responsiveness and dual signal output, demonstrates significant potential for applications in high-performance and multifunctional sensors.关键词：Photonic crystal hydrogel;Structural color;Temperature-responsive;Pressure-responsive318|284|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), derived from bio-renewable resources, exhibits numerous advantageous properties, including biodegradability, and is anticipated to substitute petroleum-based polymers in various applications. Consequently, research on PLA materials has garnered significant attention. However, the inherent brittleness of PLA restricts its broader application. In this study, we conducted molecular-level modifications and design of PLA. Initially, right-handed poly(lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) underwent dehydration condensation to synthesize the graft copolymer PVA-g-PDLA. Characterization via NMR, FTIR, and TGA confirmed a reduction in hydroxyl group content and an increase in ester group content, thereby validating the successful synthesis of PVA-g-PDLA. Subsequently, using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the solvent, PVA-g-PDLA was incorporated into the racemic copolymer of poly(lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) at varying mass ratios to prepare PVA-g-PDLA/PLLA/PDLA composites. XRD analysis indicated that the solution-cast composites exhibited homogeneous crystallinity, which was attributed to the choice of solvent. Mechanical property tests revealed that the elongation at break of the composites increased with higher PVA-g-PDLA content, reaching up to 200%. Finally, by referencing PVA-g-PDLA/PLLA, the toughening mechanism of PVA-g-PDLA on the racemic copolymer of isotactic poly(lactic acid) was elucidated.关键词：Poly(lactic acid) racemic blend;Graft modification;Fully homogeneous crystal;Toughening251|44|0更新时间：2025-06-17
- 摘要：The traditional chemically vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber possesses remarkable mechanical properties; however, it cannot be reprocessed, and its waste treatment poses significant environmental hazards. Consequently, the development of multifunctional styrene-butadiene rubber that combines superior mechanical properties with recyclability and shape memory capabilities is of substantial importance, yet remains fraught with challenges. a high-strength, recyclable, and triple-shape-memory dynamic disulfide and hydrogen-bonded double crosslinking styrene-butadiene rubber was successfully synthesized via a one-pot hot pressing method in this study. Using styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as the main chain, epoxidized styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) was produced through the epoxidation of 1,4-double bonds utilizing m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Subsequently, the disulfide crosslinking agent 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl disulfide (DTDA) and the hydrogen-bonding crosslinking agent 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA) were introduced to construct dynamic double crosslinking network in ESBR (ESBR-DTDA-ATA) with adjustable densities of disulfide and hydrogen bonds. The results indicated that the dynamic hydrogen-bonding and disulfide-bonding crosslinking networks exhibited remarkable synergistic enhancement of mechanical properties. By optimizing the ratios of the two crosslinking agents, ESBR-DTDA10%-ATA5% yielded the best mechanical performance, presenting a breaking strength of 15.9 MPa, elongation at break of 114.7%, and Young's modulus and toughness of 231.3 MPa and 14.4 MJ/m³, respectively. Additionally, ESBR-DTDA10%-ATA5% demonstrated recyclability, retaining a mechanical strength of 11.3 MPa in the recycled material with a recovery rate of 72%. The dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds endow ESBR-DTDA10%-ATA5% with impressive triple shape memory property. This facile and efficient design strategy of double dynamic network offers a viable approach to replacing traditional vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber, inspiring the development of multifunctional advanced materials with superior mechanical properties, recyclability, and shape memory functionalities.关键词：Dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonded double crosslinking;Styrene butadiene rubber with mechanical robust;recyclability;Triple shape memory capability385|97|0更新时间：2025-06-17
Research Article
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