Liquid-phase Electron Microscopy Imaging of Polymer Dynamics

De-yi Zhang; Jia-ye Li; Zhun Xu; Huan Wang

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23215

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Liquid-phase Electron Microscopy Imaging of Polymer Dynamics

Review (Special Topic: Techniques of Polymer Characterization) | 更新时间：2024-01-19

- Liquid-phase Electron Microscopy Imaging of Polymer Dynamics
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 55, Issue 2, Pages: 235-254(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京分子科学国家研究中心教育部高分子化学与物理重点实验室北京 100871
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23215
  CLC：
- Published：20 February 2024，
  
  Published Online：06 December 2023，
  
  Received：28 August 2023，
  
  Accepted：20 October 2023
- 稿件说明：
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张德逸, 李佳烨, 许准, 王欢. 液相电子显微镜解析高分子动态过程. 高分子学报, 2024, 55(2), 235-254

Zhang, D. Y.; Li, J. Y.; Xu, Z.; Wang, H. Liquid-phase electron microscopy imaging of polymer dynamics. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2024, 55(2), 235-254
张德逸, 李佳烨, 许准, 王欢. 液相电子显微镜解析高分子动态过程. 高分子学报, 2024, 55(2), 235-254 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23215.

Zhang, D. Y.; Li, J. Y.; Xu, Z.; Wang, H. Liquid-phase electron microscopy imaging of polymer dynamics. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2024, 55(2), 235-254 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23215.

摘要

电子显微镜被广泛用于表征高分子的形态、晶态结构、机械性质及组装行为，其在溶液态高分子的动态过程研究的应用中刚刚起步. 近年来，由于在电镜真空腔中能稳定封存液体样品的纳米技术的发展以及对电子束与样品的作用机制的逐渐清晰，液相电镜实验实现了对溶液态高分子的高时空分辨、原位、实时、时空的“分子录影”. 单分子原位成像实验提供了新的机遇去探索被传统系综测量掩盖的分子动力学行为. 我们总结了液相电镜技术在高分子单链物理性质、单分子反应、组装体与组装行为、相分离等领域的研究进展，阐述了其中实验难点以及核心技术突破，详细讨论了电子束与样品相互作用和单分子成像实验揭示的关于高分子科学的新现象、新问题和新思考. 最后，展望了突破目前纳米级空间分辨率和百毫秒时间分辨率可行的方案、面临的挑战和所需的技术支持，以及该目标实现后将给我们带来新的研究机遇.

Abstract

The study of conformational changes in polymer chains

their assembly behavior

and the mechanisms behind these phenomena are fundamental problems in polymer science. These factors not only play a crucial role in determining the synthesis

properties and applications of polymer materials

but also have far-reaching implications for the study of biomolecular interactions and biochemical reaction systems. While substantial progress has been made in theoretical and computational methods

observing the dynamic behavior of single polymer chains and their assemblies in a solution state remains as a significant challenge. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) offers an unprecedented combination of atomic-level spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. This innovative technique provides fresh opportunities to investigate the hidden dynamics of molecules that have traditionally been obscured by ensemble measurements. Electron microscopy has been widely used to analyze the morphology

crystalline structure

mechanical properties

and assembly structures of dry-state polymers. More recently

it has facilitated the study of the dynamic behavior of polymers in solution. The feasibility of LP-TEM experiments is largely owed to advancements in nanotechnologies

enabling the sealing of liquid samples within a chamber to prevent exposure to a vacuum environment. With a good understanding of electron beam-sample interactions and interface-sample interaction

real time imaging of individual macromolecules and their assembly pathways in solution have been successfully achieved despite their fragility. In this review

we first introduce the development of LP-TEM and its experimental setup

then summarize the progresses of LP-TEM experiments on the single chain dynamics of polymers

transient processes of macromolecular interactions

assembly pathways

and phase separations; with an emphasis on the experimental challenges and the corresponding methodological advancements that enabled these experiments. We also discuss the new questions triggered by observations from these experiments and the future directions including the challenges and possible technical assistance

as well as the new research opportunities that this goal will bring.

关键词

液相电镜高分子动力学单分子成像图像处理

Keywords

Liquid phase electron microscopyPolymer dynamicsSingle-molecule imagingImage processing

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