Mesoscale DNA Superstructures and Their Emerging Applications in Electronics and Synthetic Biology

Yi-fan Ouyang; Xin-yu Deng; Jie Shen; Ya-hong Chen

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25110

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Mesoscale DNA Superstructures and Their Emerging Applications in Electronics and Synthetic Biology

Review | 更新时间：2025-10-14

- Mesoscale DNA Superstructures and Their Emerging Applications in Electronics and Synthetic Biology
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 56, Issue 10, Pages: 1689-1705(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京大学电子学院北京 100871
  2.北京大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100871
  3.厦门大学电子科学与技术学院厦门 361005
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25110
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7427
- Received：27 April 2025，
  
  Accepted：27 May 2025，
  
  Published Online：21 August 2025，
  
  Published：20 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
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欧阳旖璠, 邓欣宇, 沈杰, 陈雅鸿. 介观尺度核酸超结构及其应用. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(10), 1689-1705

Ouyang, Y. F.; Deng, X. Y.; Shen, J.; Chen, Y. H. Mesoscale DNA superstructures and their emerging applications in electronics and synthetic biology. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(10), 1689-1705
欧阳旖璠, 邓欣宇, 沈杰, 陈雅鸿. 介观尺度核酸超结构及其应用. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(10), 1689-1705 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25110. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7427.

Ouyang, Y. F.; Deng, X. Y.; Shen, J.; Chen, Y. H. Mesoscale DNA superstructures and their emerging applications in electronics and synthetic biology. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(10), 1689-1705 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25110. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7427.

摘要

介观尺度核酸超结构是由碱基互补配对和定向折叠所形成的具有特定形貌和功能的近微米尺寸组装体. 面向介观尺度功能核酸超结构发展中的关键挑战，本综述重点讨论了边界约束核酸自组装和边界非约束核酸自组装范式在结构基元设计、组装方法学、热力学和动力学调控等方面的共性与差异，旨在推动核酸材料在微米尺度、复杂拓扑方向的发展，为提升组装产率和精度提供策略指导. 还系统性总结了核酸超结构与无机化合物、脂质体等功能材料的多尺度集成机制，展现了核酸超结构突破传统功能材料加工极限的潜力. 此外，动态核酸结构的可编程相互作用及多刺激响应机制可以突破传统静态结构的局限性，进一步实现了仿生机械等复杂运动的精准调控. 基于这些突破性进展，本综述展望了介观尺度核酸超结构在合成生物学、纳米光电器件等领域的应用机遇，为跨越从微观到宏观的尺度鸿沟提供了全新的技术路径.

Abstract

Through precise base pairing and directional backbone folding

mesoscale nucleic acid superstructures are formed with specific morphologies and functions near the micron scale. Facing the challenge of fabricating functional micron-scale DNA superstructures

this review discusses the design of building blocks

assembly methodologies

and the thermodynamics and kinetics of boundary-constrained and boundary-unconstrained self-assembly. Based on these strategies

mesoscale DNA templates with larger dimension and more complex topologies are obtained. These strategies also provide guidance for improving assembly yield and precision. Additionally

this review systematically summarizes the multiscale integration mechanisms of DNA superstructures with inorganic and lipid materials

highlighting the potential of using DNA nanostructures as templates to break the fabrication limits of traditional micro-/nano-fabrication resolution. Furthermore

dynamic DNA structures

with their programmable interactions and multi-stimuli responsiveness

can overcome the limitations of traditional static structures

enabling precise control of complex motions

such as biomimetic mechanical movements. Finally

this review prospects the application opportunities of mesoscale nucleic acid superstructures in synthetic biology and nano-optoelectronic devices

offering new technological pathways to bridge the gap between the microscale and macroscale.

关键词

Keywords

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