Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Organic Polymer Hollow Microspheres for Catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Transformation

Cui Xin; Tian-ye Gao; Feng-shuang Xu; Xin Tao

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25191

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Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Organic Polymer Hollow Microspheres for Catalytic CO₂ Transformation

Research Article | 更新时间：2026-05-08

- Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Organic Polymer Hollow Microspheres for Catalytic CO₂ Transformation
  增强出版
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 57, Issue 3, Pages: 764-775(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.湖南警察学院刑事科学技术系长沙 410138
  2.东北师范大学化学学院多酸与网格材料化学教育部重点实验室长春 130024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25191
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7510
- Received：02 October 2025，
  
  Accepted：05 November 2025，
  
  Online First：07 January 2026，
  
  Published：20 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
辛翠, 高天野, 徐凤双, 陶鑫. 咪唑鎓基有机聚合物空心微球的合成及其催化CO₂转化性能. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(3), 764-775.

Xin, C.; Gao, T. Y.; Xu, F. S.; Tao, X. Synthesis of imidazolium-based organic polymer hollow microspheres for catalytic CO₂ transformation. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(3), 764-775.
辛翠, 高天野, 徐凤双, 陶鑫. 咪唑鎓基有机聚合物空心微球的合成及其催化CO₂转化性能. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(3), 764-775. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25191. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7510.

Xin, C.; Gao, T. Y.; Xu, F. S.; Tao, X. Synthesis of imidazolium-based organic polymer hollow microspheres for catalytic CO₂ transformation. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(3), 764-775. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25191. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7510.

摘要

本研究通过无模板策略合成了一系列具有空心微球形貌的咪唑鎓基有机聚合物(PAF-400、PAF-401和PAF-402)，并将其用于高效催化CO

与环氧化合物的环加成反应. 以上3种PAF材料均表现出良好的CO

亲和力. 其中，PAF-401在3种材料中具有最好的催化活性(在80 ℃下反应24 h，以98%的产率生成相应的环状碳酸酯)和良好的底物普适性(12个例子)，这可以归因于其相对较高的比表面积和适中的咪唑鎓单元含量. 此外，实验数据和动力学研究表明PAF-401具有优异的循环稳定性. 另外，基于实验和理论计算结果以及文献调研，我们提出了空心微球结构中咪唑鎓阳离子和Br

阴离子的协同催化机理. 本工作强调了在催化剂设计中形貌结构、活性位点和循环稳定性的重要性，为构筑用于高效催化CO

与环氧化合物的环加成反应的催化剂提供了新的思路.

Abstract

Design and synthesis of organic polymers with hollow morphology is an effective strategy to improve their ca

talytic performance. Herein

through a template-free strategy

a series of imidazolium-based porous aromatic frameworks (IM-PAFs) with hollow microsphere morphology (PAF-400

PAF-401 and PAF-402) were synthesized

via

Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Their catalytic performance for the cycloaddition of CO

and epoxides showed that PAF-401 displayed a relatively higher catalytic activity (up to 98% yield) and good substrate compatibility (12 examples) among these 3 IM-PAFs materials. The superior catalytic performance could be attributed to its relatively higher specific surface area

moderate CO

uptake capacity (16.9 cm

·g

-1

at 0 ℃ and 11.4 cm

·g

-1

at 25 ℃)

suitable isosteric adsorption heat (

) (19.78 kJ·mol

-1

) and satisfactory imidazolium unit content (1.974 mmol·g

-1

). Moreover

in recycling experiments the catalytic activity of PAF-401 remained stable over five consecutive cycles without any noticeable decline. Noticeably

no significant differences between recovered PAF-401 catalyst and freshly prepared one were observed by corresponding characterizations (FTIR

TGA and SEM). Kinetic studies showed that the activation energies in 1

(38.51 kJ·mol

-1

) and 5

(38.52 kJ·mol

-1

) cycle of PAF-401 catalyzed CO

-epoxides cycloaddition are very close to each other

indicating its excellent durability. Based on these experimental findings

theoretical calculations and previous studies

a possible mechanism involving hollow structures facilitated substrates enrichment

along with synergistic activation by imidazolium cation and the Br

anion is presented. This work highlights the importance of morphology

active sites

as well as durability for catalyst design to achieve efficient cycloaddition of CO

and epoxides.

关键词

Keywords

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Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Organic Polymer Hollow Microspheres for Catalytic CO2 Transformation

DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25191

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Synthesis of Imidazolium-based Organic Polymer Hollow Microspheres for Catalytic CO₂ Transformation