Tensile Deformation Behavior of Poly(lactic acid) Spherulites Revealed in Three-dimensions by Optical Tomography

Jia-ming Cui; Shu-gui Yang; Fan Jiang; Yu-bo Wang; Jin-kun Wang; Liang-qing Zhang; Yu Cao; Feng Liu; Goran Ungar

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134

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Tensile Deformation Behavior of Poly(lactic acid) Spherulites Revealed in Three-dimensions by Optical Tomography

更新时间：2026-07-22

- Tensile Deformation Behavior of Poly(lactic acid) Spherulites Revealed in Three-dimensions by Optical Tomography
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Pages: 1-12(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西安近代化学研究所西安 710065
  2.西安交通大学金属材料强度全国重点实验室/陕西省软物质国际联合研究中心西安 710049
  3.西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710054
- 作者简介：
  
  Shu-gui Yang, E-mail: shuguiyang2019@xjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7652
- Received：22 April 2026，
  
  Accepted：04 June 2026，
  
  Online First：22 July 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
崔甲明, 杨书桂, 姜帆, 王宇博, 王锦坤, 张亮青, 曹瑜, 刘峰, Goran Ungar. 三维光学成像技术研究聚乳酸球晶的拉伸形变行为. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134.

Cui, J. M.; Yang, S. G.; Jiang, F.; Wang, Y. B.; Wang, J. K.; Zhang, L. Q.; Cao, Y.; Liu, F.; Ungar, G. Tensile deformation behavior of poly(lactic acid) spherulites revealed in three-dimensions by optical tomography. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134.
崔甲明, 杨书桂, 姜帆, 王宇博, 王锦坤, 张亮青, 曹瑜, 刘峰, Goran Ungar. 三维光学成像技术研究聚乳酸球晶的拉伸形变行为. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7652.

Cui, J. M.; Yang, S. G.; Jiang, F.; Wang, Y. B.; Wang, J. K.; Zhang, L. Q.; Cao, Y.; Liu, F.; Ungar, G. Tensile deformation behavior of poly(lactic acid) spherulites revealed in three-dimensions by optical tomography. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26134. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7652.

摘要

高分子结晶形态是连接微观结构和宏观性能的重要桥梁，决定着高分子材料的力学性能. 尽管过去利用X射线散射技术、扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜等手段，已从微观、介观尺度研究了高分子结晶形态的形变行为及应力应变的微观机制，但三维视角下结晶形态在应力作用下的形变过程仍未被清晰揭示. 以聚乳酸(PLA)为模型高分子，结合偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及先进光学成像技术，从二维与三维的视角解析了球晶在拉伸过程中的形变演化与破坏机制. 研究发现PLA

晶球晶在整个拉伸过程中本体形变较小，其对拉伸载荷的响应主要为球晶赤道区与两极区萌生垂直拉伸方向的裂纹；随着应力增大，裂纹逐渐拓宽并向球晶内部延伸；最终，两极区裂纹贯穿整个球晶，引发其脆性断裂. 三维视角不仅展示了拉伸诱导PLA材料表面形成球晶区域凸起、周围非晶区凹陷的起伏形貌，球晶与非晶区界面空穴分布于赤道平面附近，球晶内部裂纹优先从材料表面萌生等，还定量揭示了裂纹体积、球晶与内部裂纹外轮廓沿拉伸及垂直拉伸方向的尺寸比随应变的变化规律. 研究结果构建了拉伸应力下球晶形变的结构演化模型，为解释PLA材料的力学脆性提供了理论依据.

Abstract

Polymer crystalline morphology serves as a crucial link between microstructures and macroscopic properties

determining the mechanical performance of polymeric materials. Although previous studies using X-ray scattering

scanning electron microscopy

and polarized light microscopy have elucidated the deformation behavior and mechanisms of stress-strain responses at micro- and mesoscales

the deformation process of crystalline morphologies under stress from a three-dimensional perspective remains largely unresolved. Using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a model polymer and combining polarized light microscopy

scanning electron microscopy

and advanced optical imaging techniques

this study aims to reveal the deformation evolution and failure mechanisms of spherulites during tensile stretching from both two-dimensional and three-dimensional viewpoints. The findings indicated that PLA

-form spherulites exhibited limited bulk deformation throughout the stretching process; their response to tensile loading primarily involved the initiation of cracks perpendicular to the tensile direction in the equatorial and polar regions of the spherulites. As stress increases

these cracks gradually widen and propagate into the interior of the spherulites; ultimately cracks in the polar regions penetrate the entire spherulite

leading to brittle fracture. The three-dimensional analysis not only visualized the undulating topography induced by tensile loading (characterized by protrusions in the spherulite region and depressions in the surrounding amorphous z

ones)

the distribution of voids at the spherulite-amorphous interface near the equatorial plane

and the preferential initiation of internal cracks at the material surface

but also quantitatively demonstrated the variation in crack volume and the dimensional ratios of the spherulite and internal crack outlines along the tensile and perpendicular directions with respect to tensile strain. These findings establish a structural evolution model for spherulites under tensile stress

providing a critical theoretical foundation for interpreting the inherent mechanical brittleness of PLA materials.

关键词

Keywords

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Related Institution

河北大学化学与环境科学学院

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