生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展

黄玉; 王斯滕; 朱新远

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2017.16309

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生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2021-05-18

- 生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展
- Recent Advances of Biodegradable Hyperbranched Polymers
- 高分子学报 2017年第2期页码：245-258
- 作者机构：
  
  上海交通大学化学化工学院金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海 200240
- 作者简介：
  
  朱新远, E-mail: xyzhu@sjtu.edu.cn Xin-yuan Zhu, E-mail: xyzhu@sjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(91527304);国家自然科学基金(51473093)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2017.16309
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2017-2-20，
  
  收稿日期：2016-10-8，
  
  修回日期：2016-11-7，
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黄玉, 王斯滕, 朱新远. 生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展[J]. 高分子学报, 2017,(2):245-258.

Huang Yu, Wang Si-teng, Zhu Xin-yuan. Recent Advances of Biodegradable Hyperbranched Polymers[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2017,(2):245-258.
黄玉, 王斯滕, 朱新远. 生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展[J]. 高分子学报, 2017,(2):245-258. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2017.16309.

Huang Yu, Wang Si-teng, Zhu Xin-yuan. Recent Advances of Biodegradable Hyperbranched Polymers[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2017,(2):245-258. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2017.16309.

摘要

近年来，随着聚合物材料和生物医药交叉领域的发展，生物可降解聚合物得到了广泛关注.其中，生物可降解超支化聚合物具有独特的三维拓扑结构、大的内部空腔、众多的活性末端基团以及良好生物相容性和可降解性等特点，在生物医学领域包括药物/造影剂输送、基因转染、蛋白质纯化/检测/输送、抗菌、组织工程等领域都展现出很大的应用前景.本文主要从水解、酶解和刺激降解的降解机理出发，详细综述了近年来生物可降解超支化聚合物的研究进展，并简单介绍了它们在疾病治疗中的应用.

Abstract

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are highly branched macromolecules with a three-dimensional dendritic architecture. They have four important characteristics:(1) their three-dimensional dendritic architecture can prevent entanglement among polymer chains

thereby resulting in completely different properties from linear polymers; (2) their adequate spatial cavities are beneficial to encapsulate guest molecules; (3) their good solubility and low viscosity can improve processability in comparison with linear polymers; (4) there is a large population of terminal functional groups in HBPs that are easy to for chemical modification. Due to these unique topological structures and distinct physical/chemical properties

HBPs and their assemblies have exhibited great potential in various biomedical areas including drug/contrast agent delivery

gene transfection

protein purification/detection/delivery

antibacterial materials and tissue engineering. The advances of HBPs in biomedical applications have led to an accelerated discovery of HBPs with biodegradable backbones. In recent years

the biodegradable HBPs with excellent biocompatibility

defined structure

and controlled degradation profiles have become increasingly important in therapeutic applications owing to their low toxicity

non-immunogenicity as well as general ease of degradation and metabolization. Up to now

a large number of biodegradable HBPs have been well designed and widely used in therapeutic applications

such as hyperbranched polyester

hyperbranched polyphosphate

hyperbranched polysaccharide

and hyperbranched polypeptide. On the other hand

in order to further study the biodegradable HBPs

a detailed summary and comprehensive understanding on the biodegradable mechanisms of HBPs might be helpful. Considering the differences of degradation reactions

we grouped the biodegradable mechanisms into three types:hydrolysis

enzymolysis and stimuli-responsive degradation. To date

although many elegant reviews on HBPs have been published

a systematic review on the biodegradable HBPs focused on the degradation mechanisms has not been reported so far. Herein

the recent advances of biodegradable HBPs are highlighted. In particular

the biodegradable mechanisms of HBPs

including hydrolysis

enzymolysis and stimuli-responsive degradation

are emphasized. Finally

the applications in disease treatment and possible future directions in this emerging area are also briefly discussed.

关键词

生物可降解降解机理超支化聚合物疾病治疗

Keywords

BiodegradationBiodegradable mechanismHyperbranched polymerDisease treatment

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