熔融沉积成型加工的结晶性聚合物结构与性能

高霞; 戚顺新; 苏允兰; 黎静; 王笃金

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20154

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熔融沉积成型加工的结晶性聚合物结构与性能

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- 熔融沉积成型加工的结晶性聚合物结构与性能
- Hierarchical Structures and Mechanical Performances of Semicrystalline Polymer Parts Fabricated by Means of Fused Deposition Modeling
- 高分子学报 2020年51卷第11期页码：1214-1226
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院重庆市3D打印应用工程技术研究中心　重庆 400714
  2.中国科学院化学研究所中国科学院工程塑料重点实验室　北京 100190
  3.中国科学院大学　北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "高霞，女， 1989年生. 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院助理研究员. 2010年于燕山大学获学士学位， 2015年于中国科学院化学研究所获博士学位. 2016年入选中国科学院“西部之光”人才计划. 主要从事聚合物材料的3D打印成型研究，包括3D打印材料性能调控、成型件结构与性能关系等" ]
  [ "苏允兰，女，1974年生. 中国科学院化学研究所副研究员. 1996年获中国海洋大学海洋化学系理学学士，2000年获中国科学院生态环境研究中心理学硕士，2003年获北京大学化学与分子工程学院理学博士. 2004 ~ 2006年清华大学化学系博士后. 2013年10月 ~ 2014年10月德国汉堡工业大学访问学者. 主要从事聚合物纳米复合材料成型中的界面结构调控和性能研究. 已发表学术论文60余篇" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 51603205)和2019年度中国科学院化学研究所创新培育资助项目
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20154
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2020-9-30，
  
  网络出版日期：2020-9-8，
  
  收稿日期：2020-6-13，
  
  修回日期：2020-7-23，
扫描看全文
高霞, 戚顺新, 苏允兰, 黎静, 王笃金. 熔融沉积成型加工的结晶性聚合物结构与性能[J]. 高分子学报, 2020,51(11):1214-1226.

Xia Gao, Shun-xin Qi, Yun-lan Su, Jing Li, Du-jin Wang. Hierarchical Structures and Mechanical Performances of Semicrystalline Polymer Parts Fabricated by Means of Fused Deposition Modeling[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2020,51(11):1214-1226.
高霞, 戚顺新, 苏允兰, 黎静, 王笃金. 熔融沉积成型加工的结晶性聚合物结构与性能[J]. 高分子学报, 2020,51(11):1214-1226. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20154.

Xia Gao, Shun-xin Qi, Yun-lan Su, Jing Li, Du-jin Wang. Hierarchical Structures and Mechanical Performances of Semicrystalline Polymer Parts Fabricated by Means of Fused Deposition Modeling[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2020,51(11):1214-1226. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20154.

摘要

熔融沉积成型(fused deposition modeling，FDM)作为一种新型的聚合物加工方式，可制备外形复杂、性能可靠、功能集成的聚合物制品，并随着新打印工艺和新材料体系的不断涌现，显示出巨大的应用和发展潜力. 但层层堆积的加工方式为FDM成型件引入了薄弱层间结合界面和较大残余内应力，限制了可FDM加工的聚合物材料种类，并制约着FDM成型件的性能和功能. 本文结合FDM加工原理分析了可FDM加工的聚合物材料特性，重点关注FDM成型件的微观结构包括多层次聚集态结构、层间结合界面，总结FDM成型件的宏观力学性能及其各向异性，以此构建FDM成型的聚合物结构-性能关系，并展望高性能FDM成型件的发展前景.

Abstract

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) as the most common additive manufacturing technique

is a revolutionary processing method for polymer materials. FDM technique can build complicated and multifunctional components by selectively depositing one or two kinds of polymer materials layer-by-layer according to the predetermined paths. Further

the recent development of polymer nanocomposites and printing devices has broadened the applicability of FDM technique to fabricate lightweight

customized and multifunctional products for medical

electronics

aerospace and automotive areas. Although the ability to fabricate end-use products is expanding

the evolution of FDM into a fully manufacture tool is limited by several challenges including narrow material selection

weak interlayer bond and poor surface quality. In order to acquire a good knowledge of the processing-structure-performance relationship for polymer parts fabricated by FDM technique

this review firstly analyses the stringent requirements for polymer materials compatible with FDM platform

then provides a comprehensive overview on the crystallization kinetics

hierarchical structures as well as the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts. For semicrystalline polymer materials

high shear and extension field in the nozzle is found to accelerate the crystallization kinetics and induce oriented structures and shish-kebab morphology. In this sense

FDM-printed parts can achieve mechanical properties superior to their counterparts by means of injection molding. However

the intrinsic layer-wise deposition in conjunction with non-isothermal profile during a typical FDM process tend to introduce weak bond interfaces as well as residual stresses in FDM-printed parts

leading to anisotropic mechanical properties and serious dimensional errors. This in turn puts complicated requirements for polymer materials for FDM platform

including good feeding properties (

e.g.

elastic modulus

/melt viscosity

larger than 3.24 × 10

−1

) and excellent printing properties (

e.g.

low coefficient of thermal expansion and appropriate melt viscosity). Recent efforts suggest that adding organic/inorganic additives to physically modified polymer materials is a simple and effective way to overcome both limited variety of semicrystalline materials and weak interlayer bond issues for FDM technique. In the near future

polymer composites should be well designed and screened to fit for FDM platform and also the processing-structure-property relationship for FDM-printed parts should be explored in detail so as to obtain polymer articles with excellent properties and meet the growing requirements from various areas.

关键词

熔融沉积成型结晶性聚合物材料多层次结构各向异性

Keywords

Fused deposition modelingSemi-crystalline polymersHierarchical structuresMechanical anisotropy

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