自组装单分子膜功能器件

张召阳; 李涛

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21023

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自组装单分子膜功能器件

专论 | 更新时间：2021-11-03

- 自组装单分子膜功能器件
- Functional Self-assembled Monolayer Devices
- 高分子学报 2021年52卷第6期页码：602-616
- 作者机构：
  
  上海交通大学化学化工学院　上海 200240
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李涛，男，1983年生. 上海交通大学化学化工学院长聘副教授，博士生导师. 2005年本科毕业于北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院，2010年博士毕业于中国科学院化学研究所，同年赴丹麦哥本哈根大学从事博士后研究工作，2013年8月起任哥本哈根大学化学系助理教授. 2015年至今加入上海交通大学化学化工学院开展独立科研工作. 曾获“国家海外高层次人才引进计划”(2015年)和“国家优秀青年科学基金”(2020年)资助. 目前主要从事有机功能材料的设计合成及其薄膜器件研究" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 22022507, 51973111)资助项目
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21023
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2021-6-3，
  
  网络出版日期：2021-4-26，
  
  收稿日期：2021-1-21，
  
  修回日期：2021-2-15，
扫描看全文
张召阳, 李涛. 自组装单分子膜功能器件[J]. 高分子学报, 2021,52(6):602-616.

Zhao-yang Zhang, Tao Li. Functional Self-assembled Monolayer Devices[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2021,52(6):602-616.
张召阳, 李涛. 自组装单分子膜功能器件[J]. 高分子学报, 2021,52(6):602-616. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21023.

Zhao-yang Zhang, Tao Li. Functional Self-assembled Monolayer Devices[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2021,52(6):602-616. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21023.

摘要

分子尺度电子学是利用单个分子或分子单层组装体作为活性单元来实现电子学功能的一门前沿科学领域. 基于自组装单分子膜(SAMs)的分子器件在分子电子学的实用化道路上具有很大的发展潜力与应用前景. 目前，SAMs功能器件的研究仍处于起步阶段，其性能还有很大提升空间. 本文首先评述了SAMs器件的构筑方法，针对直接蒸镀金属顶电极会对SAMs造成破坏的问题，介绍了3类软接触电极，包括液态金属、导电高分子和石墨烯顶电极；然后以固态光开关器件为例介绍了近年来功能器件上的一些新进展，分子优化设计对于提升器件响应活性具有重要意义；同时总结了共轭聚合物SAMs器件的制备方法和性能，通过合理的结构设计，共轭聚合物能进行电荷的长程输运，并有望提供比小分子更优异的光电功能；最后讨论和展望了未来的发展方向.

Abstract

Molecular-scale electronics is a cutting edge research field aimed at achieving electronic functions by utilizing single molecules and their monolayer assemblies as active components. Molecular devices based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) show high potential towards the application of molecular electronics in the future. However

the development of functional SAM devices is still in its infancy

and their performance is far from meeting the requirements of practical applications. In this review

we first summarize the methods for fabricating SAM devices using soft top-contact electrodes

including liquid metals (mercury and Ga/In eutectic)

conductive polymers (

e.g.

PEDOT: PSS) and graphene

and graphene has been considered as an ideal choice for building SAM devices because of it high electrical conductivity

mechanical flexibility

chemical stability

optical transparency and processability. Then we introduce recent progress on functional SAM devices

especially solid-state photoswitchable devices

and we highlight that rational molecular design (anchor

linker

and functional group) is crucial for improving the device performance. For example

molecular engineering strategies overcoming intermolecular steric hindrance can boost the photoisomerization ability of azobenzenes in SAMs and thus the photo-responsibility of their photoswitchable devices. We also provide an overview on how to fabricate conjugated polymers based SAM devices and discuss their charge transport behaviors in two kinds of junctions

i.e.

vertical and planar junctions. These results indicate that conjugated polymerss are distinct from small molecular materials and may hold advantages in optoelectronic functions. For example

properly designed conjugated polymers can mediate long-range charge transport and thus act as molecular wires. Moreover

functional SAM devices based on conjugated polymers can outperform the small molecular counterpart on key device performance

such as on-off ratios for optoelectronic switches. Finally

a perspective on future research directions and challenges in this field is presented.

关键词

分子电子学自组装单分子膜分子器件共轭聚合物

Keywords

Molecular electronicsSelf-assembled monolayersMolecular deviceConjugated polymer

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