可瓷化高分子合成与功能化进展

骆春佳; 孔杰

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21086

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可瓷化高分子合成与功能化进展

专论 | 更新时间：2022-07-08

- 可瓷化高分子合成与功能化进展
- Recent Progress in Synthesis and Functionality of Ceramizable Polymers
- 高分子学报 2021年52卷第11期页码：1427-1440
- 作者机构：
  
  超常条件材料物理与化学教育部重点实验室陕西省高分子科学与技术重点实验室西北工业大学化学与化工学院西安 710072
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "孔杰，男，1976年生. 1995~2004年于西北工业大学理学院获得学士、硕士、博士学位；2006~2009年在香港理工大学做研究助理、博士后，2009~2010年作为洪堡学者在德国拜罗伊特大学A.H.E.Müller组访问研究；2020年至今，西北工业大学理学院、化学与化工学院教授. 兼任中国复合材料学会介电高分子复合材料与应用专业委员会常务副主任、学术交流工作委员会副主任(2016至今). 2019年作为带头人入选陕西省“三秦学者”创新团队，2020年当选英国材料矿物与矿业学会会士，获国家杰出青年科学基金、高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)技术发明二等奖(排名第一). 主要从事超支化高分子设计合成及在陶瓷前驱体、高温吸波材料、透波介电材料、增材制造中的应用研究." ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21086
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2021-11-20，
  
  收稿日期：2021-03-16，
  
  修回日期：2021-05-31，
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骆春佳,孔杰.可瓷化高分子合成与功能化进展[J].高分子学报,2021,52(11):1427-1440.

Luo Chun-jia,Kong Jie.Recent Progress in Synthesis and Functionality of Ceramizable Polymers[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2021,52(11):1427-1440.
骆春佳,孔杰.可瓷化高分子合成与功能化进展[J].高分子学报,2021,52(11):1427-1440. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21086.

Luo Chun-jia,Kong Jie.Recent Progress in Synthesis and Functionality of Ceramizable Polymers[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2021,52(11):1427-1440. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21086.

摘要

可瓷化高分子是指在制备或使役过程中，能从有机交联网络转化为无机陶瓷并发挥独特功能的一类特种高分子，在特殊和极端环境下服役的材料结构中有重要应用. 本文首先对含硼、锆、铪、铁等元素的可瓷化高分子设计与合成进行了详细介绍；然后对在高温、高压等极端条件应用的可瓷化高分子高性能化进行了总结，主要包括可瓷化高分子在耐高温抗氧化陶瓷、特种高温胶黏剂、耐电弧阻燃涂层中的应用；接着对航空航天用高温电磁波吸收材料、电磁屏蔽材料新应用驱动的可瓷化高分子多功能化进展做一综述. 最后结合未来应用需求，对可瓷化高分子与增材制造、耐高温长寿命复合材料、超材料设计的融合和交叉做了初步展望.

Abstract

The ceramizable polymers are a group of special functional polymers which can transform from organic cross-linked network to inorganic ceramics during pyrolysis or service under high temperature. This article reviews the latest research on ceramicizable polymers and their derived functional ceramics used under extreme and special environment and aerospace field. According to main elements contained in ceramicizable polymers

the design and synthesis of boron

zirconium

hafnium

iron-containing ceramic polymers are introduced in detail. The stoichiometric ratio

cross-linkable feature and linear

slightly cross-linked and hyperbranched topologies of ceramicizable polymers are key factors to the properties of pyrolyzed ceramics

including ceramic yield

mechanical property

high-temperature resistant and anti-oxidation performances. Due to their ceramicizable feature during pyrolysis or service

self-healing

and flame retardancy under high temperature or arc

the advanced ceramicizable polymers show remarkable application in high-temperature resistant and anti-oxidation ceramics

high-temperature adhesives

arc breakdown resistance and flame retardant coatings mainly used in extreme conditions. Then the new developments in the multifunctionalization of ceramicizable polymers such as electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and electromagnetic interference shielding materials are presented. The introduction of transition metal into ceramicizable polymer is highly effective to tune dielectric and magnetic properties of their derived ceramics. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption at 885 ℃ with a low minimum reflection coefficient and a wide effective absorption bandwidth was achieved on iron-containing siliconboron carbonitride ceramics derived from the cross-linked network of hyperbranched polyborosilazane and 1

‍1

-bis(dimethylvinylsilyl)ferrocene. In addition

the perspective and further development of integration and intersection of ceramizable polymers are proposed

including but not limited to additive manufacturing

high-temperature self-healing and long-life composites

as well as metamaterials with potential in electromagnetic wave absorbing material at low frequency of 0.5-2 GHz.

关键词

可瓷化高分子陶瓷前驱体高温吸波材料电磁屏蔽材料

Keywords

Ceramizable polymerCeramic precursorHigh-temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing materialElectromagnetic interference shielding material

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