偏振光学显微成像技术在高分子结晶结构表征中的应用

汪志琦; 郭宝华; 徐军

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22226

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偏振光学显微成像技术在高分子结晶结构表征中的应用

综述 (高分子表征技术专题) | 更新时间：2023-05-22

- 偏振光学显微成像技术在高分子结晶结构表征中的应用
- Polarized Optical Imaging and Its Application in Characterization of Polymer Crystalline Structures
- 高分子学报 2023年54卷第1期页码：130-150
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学化学工程系北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "徐军，男，1974年生. 1997和2002年分别在清华大学获得学士和博士学位. 2002年毕业后留在清华大学化工系工作，历任助理研究员和副教授. 2011年获得德国洪堡基金会资助到德国弗莱堡大学进行为期1年的洪堡学者访问研究. 入选2012年教育部“新世纪优秀人才”支持计划. 先后获2003年北京市科技进步二等奖、2009年中国石油和化学工业协会技术发明二等奖、2010年中国石油和化学工业协会科技进步二等奖、2012年冯新德高分子奖(Polymer刊物2011年度中国最佳文章提名)、2017年中国石油和化学工业联合会技术发明二等奖. 主要研究方向：高分子结晶、生物降解高分子、动态共价高分子材料等. E-mail: jun-xu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣21873054;21861132018);U1862205┫
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22226
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2023-01-20，
  
  网络出版日期：2022-09-15，
  
  收稿日期：2022-06-11，
  
  录用日期：2022-07-20
扫描看全文
汪志琦,郭宝华,徐军.偏振光学显微成像技术在高分子结晶结构表征中的应用[J].高分子学报,2023,54(01):130-150.

Wang Zhi-qi,Guo Bao-hua,Xu Jun.Polarized Optical Imaging and Its Application in Characterization of Polymer Crystalline Structures[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(01):130-150.
汪志琦,郭宝华,徐军.偏振光学显微成像技术在高分子结晶结构表征中的应用[J].高分子学报,2023,54(01):130-150. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22226.

Wang Zhi-qi,Guo Bao-hua,Xu Jun.Polarized Optical Imaging and Its Application in Characterization of Polymer Crystalline Structures[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(01):130-150. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22226.

摘要

光学成像技术是最为直观的一种表征手段，借助光学显微镜，根据物质、材料和光的相互作用，能够直接观察肉眼难以获得的微观结构信息. 借助偏振光，又能看到在普通显微镜明场下无法观察到的晶体双折射等光学性质. 本文主要介绍几种光学显微镜在高分子结晶表征方面的应用，从光通过偏振器件及样品的角度出发，介绍偏光显微镜、PolScope系统以及Müller矩阵显微镜的基本工作原理和在高分子结晶方面的应用研究，结合具体案例，阐述这些技术如何揭示高分子晶体的微观结构，并简述一些基础的操作要点及注意事项. 依据晶体的双折射特点，偏光显微镜提供了晶体厚薄、取向等结构信息和晶体生长速率等动力学信息. 但是偏光显微镜的透射光强是晶体双折射和主折射率方向的方位角两者耦合的结果，而拥有可变偏振方向的PolScope系统则可以进一步精确测得双折射的光程差及晶体主折射率方向的方位角. Müller矩阵显微镜则通过检测经过样品前后的圆偏振光变化来获得样品更为丰富的光学信息，如线性双折射、圆双折射、线性二色性和圆二色性等.

Abstract

Optical imaging is the simplest characterization method for observing the microscopic structures of materials in real space. Since the first one invented by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17

century

optical microscopes have found wide applications in every corner of material

chemistry and biology.

Via

optical microscope

we can capture micro structures invisible to naked eyes. Through polarized light

we can obtain optical properties of crystals invisible in bright field imaging. This review briefly summarizes the application of polarized optical microscopes in the characterization of polymer crystalline structures. Based on the birefringence

polarized optical microscope can reveal the structure information such as orientation of optical axes. However

polarized optical microscope only gives a coupled information of birefringence and the orientation of slow optical axis. To solve the problem

PolScope system equipped with variable direction of polarized light can determine both the optical retardance of birefringence and the azimuth of slow axis precisely. The more advanced optical microscope

Müller matrix microscope employs rotating polarization generator and analyzer to characterize more optical properties

such as linear dichroism

linear birefringence

circular dichroism and circular birefringence. Some typical applications of polarized optical microscope

PolScope system and Müller matrix microscope to characterize polymer spherulites are summarized together with the fundamentals and some using tips.

关键词

偏光显微镜结晶结构PolScopeMüller矩阵显微镜偏振光

Keywords

Polarized optical microscopePolymer crystalline structuresPolScopeMüller matrix microscopePolarized light

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