过渡金属催化炔类高分子合成进展

孙晗力; 王子元; 朱戎

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23003

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过渡金属催化炔类高分子合成进展

专论 | 更新时间：2023-05-31

- 过渡金属催化炔类高分子合成进展
- Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkyne Polymers
- 高分子学报 2023年54卷第6期页码：745-760
- 作者机构：
  
  北京分子科学国家研究中心北京大学化学与分子工程学院生物有机与分子工程教育部重点实验室北京 100871
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "朱戎，男，1988年生. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院课题组长、研究员. 2010年毕业于北京大学化学与分子工程学院，获理学学士学位；2015年毕业于麻省理工学院化学系，获理学博士学位；2015~2018年麻省理工学院化学系开展博士后研究. 2022年获国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金资助. 主要研究方向为过渡金属催化小分子和高分子合成新方法的开发，涉及：(1)炔类高分子催化合成；(2)高价有机钴催化；(3)价键异构体化学.E-mail: rongzhu@pku.edu.cn " ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23003
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2023-06-20，
  
  网络出版日期：2023-03-28，
  
  收稿日期：2023-01-02，
  
  录用日期：2023-02-09
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孙晗力,王子元,朱戎.过渡金属催化炔类高分子合成进展[J].高分子学报,2023,54(06):745-760.

Sun Han-li,Wang Zi-yuan,Zhu Rong.Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkyne Polymers[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(06):745-760.
孙晗力,王子元,朱戎.过渡金属催化炔类高分子合成进展[J].高分子学报,2023,54(06):745-760. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23003.

Sun Han-li,Wang Zi-yuan,Zhu Rong.Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkyne Polymers[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(06):745-760. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23003.

摘要

过渡金属催化反应的蓬勃发展有力地推动了结构多样、功能丰富的炔类高分子的合成和应用研究. 从炔烃单体出发合成炔类高分子经典的策略包括：(1)炔基碳氢(卤)键活化，对应偶联聚合；(2)金属卡拜或卡宾对碳碳三键的活化，对应复分解聚合. 最近，我们课题组的工作引入了第三种模式，即通过炔丙位化学键的活化，形成联烯基金属物种，进而介导累积烯烃的原位生成并链式聚合，得到炔烃主链. 本专论围绕以上3种反应模式，论述近年来具有代表性的炔类高分子合成方法新发展，并从机理的角度重点讨论新兴的链式聚合方法.

Abstract

The development of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions has remarkably facilitated the synthesis and applications of alkyne polymers of diverse structures and functions. Classical synthetic strategy of alkyne polymers based on acetylenic monomers includes: (1) acetylenic bond activation that leads to polycouplings; (2) carbon-carbon triple bond activation by metal carbynes/carbenes that leads to metathesis polymerizations. Recently

our group introduced a third mode based on copper-mediated propargylic bond activation of propargylic electrophiles

which generates allenyl copper species as key intermediates. The allenyl copper complex is involved in the

situ

formation and chain-growth polymerization of [

]cumulene (

which eventually affords a unique alkyne backbone with carbon-carbon triple bonds spaced by two sp

carbons with exclusive regioselectivity. This article serves to describe recent developments of transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of alkyne polymers based on polycouplings

metathesis

and propargylic activation

respectively. In particular

the chain-growth methods in each category are emphasized from a mechanistic perspective because of their potential in controlling the molecular weight and distribution

end groups

sequences

topology of the resulting alkyne polymers. This includes the catalyst transfer Sonogashira-type polycoupling

the ring-opening alkyne metathesis polymerization of strained alkynes

metathesis and metallotropy polymerization

and the emerging copper-catalyzed condensation polymerization of propargylic electrophiles developed by our group. The synergy between organometallic chemistry and synthetic polymer chemistry provides important driving force for both fields.

关键词

过渡金属催化炔类高分子炔丙基取代链式聚合累积烯烃

Keywords

Transition-metal catalysisAlkyne polymersPropargylic substitutionChain-growthCumulenes

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