High-infrared emissitivity and high-electrical conductivity polyaniline (PANI) films were prepared by electrochemical deposition of aniline in aqueous solution of camphorsufonated acid (CSA) in the presence of additives such as the inorganic salt or maltodextrin

etc.The roughness and emissivity of PANI films can be adjusted by addition of a suitable additive.When small size inorganic salts like NaCl or LiCl were used as additives

the roughness of PANI films was enhanced accompanied with 0.16~0.26 increase in infrared emissivity.Large size organic molecules such as maltodextrin can significantly enhance the roughness of PANI films

and infrared emissivity can reach 0.84 with an increment of 0.53.The increasing emissivity of PANI films may be attributed to the particular surface morphology

where deep-cave structure exists

accompanied by hill-like and ridge-like patterns.The particular surface morphology of PANI films formed by the maltodextrin molecules with different molecular weight and size was beneficial for the absorption of infrared radiation with different wavelengths

and thereby the emissivity of films increased.Considering that high concentrations of maltodextrin may destroy the intactness of films rendering films fracture and low electrical conductivity

polyacrylic acid was chosen as the second additive.In an electrolyte consisting of 1 mol/L maltodextrin and 0.310-3 mol/L polyacrylic acid

intact PANI film with emissivity of 0.84 and conductivity of up to 109 S/cm can be prepared.