The trypsin-responsive near-infrared fluorescent/magnetic resonance dual-imaging composite nanospheres
which consist of PAA-decorated Fe
3
O
4
magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that serve as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents and Cy5.5-modified poly-L-lysine (Cy5.5-PLL) as the trypsin-responsive substrate and fluorescent carrier
were successfully fabricated
via
self-assembly method. The MNPs present negatively charge due to the carboxyl groups from PAA on their surface and the Cy5.5-PLL present positively charge due to the amino groups in PLL chains. The construction of the composite nanospheres was initially performed
via
the self-assembly driven by the electrostatic interactions between the above mentioned oppositely charged precursors. Subsequently
glutaraldehyde (GA) was introduced to partially crosslink the amino groups in PLL and stabilize the nanospheres. The fluorescent and magnetic characterization of the two precursors of the composite nanospheres
Cy5.5-PLL and MNPs
indicated that Cy5.5-PLL chains showed obvious fluorescent signal and the MNPs displayed the superparamagnetism property. However
the notable fluorescent signal from Cy5.5-PLL in native soluble state was self-quenched thanks to the short distance among the Cy5.5 fluorescent molecules after the construction of the nanospheres. Additionally
the structure of the as-prepared self-assembled nanospheres was stable
resulting from the almost unchanged results of the hydrodynamic size and fluorescence intensity of nanospheres in different buffer solutions. Nevertheless
because of the sensitivity of PLL chains to trypsin
the nanospheres were selectively disintegrated into fragmented segments under the hydrolysis by trypsin
leading to 18-fold amplification of fluorescent intensity in comparison with the self-assembled nanospheres in quenched state. Moreover
the magnetic resonance imaging enhancement was also related to the disintegration of the nanospheres. As expected
the trypsin-positive cells incubated with nanospheres exhibited remarkable fluorescent imaging due to the disintegration of the nanospheres into debris
whereas this disintegration did not take place for the trypsin-negative cells.
In vivo
fluorescent images of the composite nanospheres in normal nude mice further verified the trypsin-triggered fluorescent imaging. Cytotoxicity study demonstrated that the composite nanospheres presented low toxicity to several cell lines
and exhibited remarkable near-infrared fluorescent/magnetic resonance imaging capabilities
which were sensitive to the presence of trypsin and thus provided excellent opportunity to serve as dual-imaging agents.
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