最新刊期
卷 55 ， 期 3 ， 2024
- 摘要：Electrically conductive hydrogels (ECHs) represent a novel class of hydrogels that combine conductive materials with a hydrogel matrix. They exhibit high electrical conductivity, excellent flexibility, and ease of structural modulation, thereby offering promising prospects in fields such as flexible supercapacitors and batteries. Various ECHs electrodes have been developed to date for the fabrication of flexible energy storage devices with outstanding mechanical and electrochemical performance. This review summarizes recent advancements in ECHs electrodes for flexible supercapacitors and batteries, discusses key factors for enhancing their performance in flexible energy storage applications, outlines the synergistic effects between the hydrogel matrix and electroactive fillers in ECHs electrodes, and systematically introduces flexible supercapacitors based on conductive polymer hydrogels, graphene hydrogels, and composite hydrogel electrodes. Additionally, it presents flexible lithium-ion batteries employing silicon-based hydrogels and transition metal oxide hydrogel electrodes. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the realm of ECHs electrodes in this field are explored.关键词：Electrically Conductive hydrogel;Flexible electrode;Supercapacitor;Lithium-ion battery
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发布时间：2024-02-08
Review
- 摘要：The natural crosslinking agent genipin can crosslink chitosan in a dilute solution to obtain biocompatible nanogel particles. The particles can be used as the emulsifier of Pickering emulsion. This study examines the conformation and structural evolutions using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) combined with multiple detectors. The nanogel particles show an extremely wide molecular weight distribution but a much narrower size distribution. To explore the universality of this behavior, we adjusted the molecular weight of the prepolymer chain and the crosslinker concentration, respectively. The nanogels obtained from prepolymers with different molecular weights exhibit similar molecular weight and size distributions, but the characteristic size decreases with decreasing M of the prepolymers. This latter trend is due to the higher crosslinking density and accordingly the higher internal density for the nanogel based on prepolymer of the lower M. For a given prepolymer, the characteristic size first decreases and then increases with the crosslinker concentration. The former decrease is caused by the enhancement of intrachain crosslinking, whereas the later increase is attributable to the excessive crosslinkers that attach to the polymer chain as dangling molecules, which suppresses the further intra- or interchain crosslinking reaction. Finally, the nanogel particles obtained in this study turn out to be an efficient emulsifier in preparing high internal phase emulsion due to its uniform size, high specific surface area and balance between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity: a Pickering emulsion with oil content of up to 90% can be stabilized using only 0.57 wt% of the nanogel particles.关键词：Chitosan;Genipin;Crosslinking;Nanogel;Field-flow fractionation;High internal phase emulsion
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：Solution-extrusion method enables effective continuous fabrication of fiber energy storage devices. The design and development of gel electrolytes with high ion conductivities are the key to producing these fiber energy storage devices in a single step. Here, calcium alginate was used as the gel electrolyte framework to prepare a high-concentration calcium alginate/lithium nitrate gel electrolyte, which exhibited a high ion conductivity of 145.3 mS/cm. This gel electrolyte was extruded together with electrode inks via a spinneret and solidified by a coagulation bath, enabling a direct and continuous fabrication of fiber supercapacitors. The fiber supercapacitors based on this gel electrolyte could maintain high stability upon 1.8 V and stably work under current densities ranging from 0.05 A/g to 2.0 A/g. The current density of the fiber supercapacitor was increased from 0.05 A/g to 0.5 A/g, and the discharge capacity retention rate of fiber supercapacitor reached 99.7%. The resulting fiber supercapacitor could preserve 99.3% of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles. By adjusting the composition of gel electrolyte, structure of fiber electrode, concentration and temperature of coagulation bath, we had achieved a production speed of 20 m/min for continuous fiber supercapacitors with lengths over 3000 meters. This fiber supercapacitor is expected to serve as a power source for wearable electronic devices.
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：Polymer electrolytes are known to be more effective in enhancing the safety and energy density of lithium-ion batteries as compared to organic electrolytes. However, the practical application of polymer electrolytes is hindered due to their low ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical window, and incompatibility with lithium metal anode. In this work, a polyzwitterion (P(AMPSLi-IL)) containing intramolecular lithium salt of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI) was designed and synthesized through a radical copolymerization of acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (AETATFSI) and lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSLi). A series of nanofiber membranes composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and P(AMPSLi-IL) were prepared by electrospinning technology. The nanofiber membrane with optimized ratio of PVA to P(AMPSLi-IL) shows a high tensile strength of 13.8 MPa and thermal decomposition temperature of 280 ℃. The nanofiber membranes were in situ gelated in a based electrolyte (1 mol/L LiFSI in EC) with tri-(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) as a crosslinking agent, which was used as a polymeric solid electrolyte. The optimized electrolyte of PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)1 exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 2.87×10-3 S·cm-1 at room-temperature, high lithium transference number of 0.85 and oxidation potential of 4.34 V (versus Li/Li+). The symmetric Li|Li cell with the PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)1 electrolyte shows an excellent cycle stability for over 1800 h, demonstrating a great compatibility between Li anode and the PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)1 electrolyte. The LFP|Li half cell with the PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)1 electrolyte delivers an initial discharge capacity of 145.7 mAh·g-1 at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 79.0% after 200 cycles.关键词：Lithium metal battery;Polymer electrolyte;Polyzwitterion;Poly(vinyl alcohol)
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：To solve the problems of complicated preparation process and poor intrinsic stretchability of existing stretchable electrodes, this study employs a simple in situ polymerization method and optimizes the dopant to develop a conducting polypyrrole-based fiber with excellent intrinsic stretchability. Sodium salicylate is utilized as both a dopant and a plasticizer during the fabrication process, resulting in a highly conductive fiber with an initial conductivity of 6.34 S/cm, which remains at 5.37 S/cm even under 100% strain. Furthermore, the elastic conductive fiber-based heater exhibits excellent Joule heating performance. When a 5 V voltage is applied, the surface temperature can reach 60 ℃, providing reliable heating effects for thermotherapy. Moreover, when integrating the conductive fibers into electric heating gloves, experimental results show that the surface temperature of the gloves only decreases by 4.89% during finger joint movements, enabling stable thermotherapy for moving joints. This provides a convenient and effective implementation for the physical treatment of conditions such as Raynaud's syndrome and joint injury pain.关键词：Polypyrrole;Conductive fiber;Intrinsically stretchable;Joule heat;Thermotherapy
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：The rapid development of intelligent robots raises increasing demand of multifunctional sensing materials and devices. However, most of currently developed materials only have two-field coupling effect. They lack multi-modal sensing ability. This article proposes a new strategy to develop multi-field coupling materials through the control of inter-molecular charge transfer interaction. Here, centimeter long organic co-crystal tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-pyromelliticdiimide (PMDI) with opto-electric-magnetic coupling effect is developed by saturated precipitation method. It has room-temperature ferroelectric effect with a remnant polarization of 4 µC/cm2. It also shows room-temperature magneto-electric coupling effect, including magnetic field-induced capacitance change of 1.5×10-3 %/Oe and ferroelectric polarization change with magneto-electric coupling coefficient of 1.18 nC/(cm2·Oe). Moreover, this effect can be controlled by light stimuli. It is demonstrated that the relatively weaker inter-molecular charge transfer interaction than that of intra-molecular interaction makes the co-crystal more vulnerable to external stimuli than single component crystal. In addition, the intersystem crossing between singlet and triplet charge transfer state also induces magnetic-field effect and influences the electric dipoles related capacitance and polarization. All these factors lead to the generation of multiple freedom to tune the opto-electric-magnetic properties of the co-crystal. The results of this study will promote the development of multifunctional cocrystal materials and devices, and promote their applications for multifunctional sensing.关键词：Organic cocrystal;Opto-electric-magneto coupling;Multi-field sensing
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：The aim of this paper is to prepare drug-loaded, highly elastic hydrogel microspheres with monodisperse size distribution and adjustable diameters using a single-emulsion capillary microfluidic device for potential embolization therapy. Aqueous solution of acrylamide (AM) and potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPMA) (monomers), water soluble photo initiator and homemade macromolecular (MM2) micelle (multifunctional cross-linking agent) was used as the dispersed (inner) phase. Oil soluble photo initiator and surfactants were dissolved in liquid paraffin wax, used as the continuous (outer) phase. Monodisperse inner-phase droplets were obtained in the microfluidic channel, which was then crosslinked and polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation to produce hydrogel microspheres with excellent elasticity. The obtained microsphere could be 3D compressed within a round capillary tube more than 60% without breaking and could immediately recover to its original state. The microsphere could quickly load the cationic anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride with high capacity, and the encapsulation efficiency exceeded 97% within 20 min. The equilibrium drug loading capacity was about 648 mg/g (dry spheres) and 95 mg/g (wet spheres). In addition, the drug release behaviors of drug loaded microspheres with different particle sizes in different media were also studied and discussed. These results provide some new experimental and theoretical supports for the preparation of monodisperse, highly elastic and high drug loading hydrogel microspheres, especially for their potential application of embolic microspheres.关键词：microfluidics;monodisperse microspheres;elastic hydrogel microsphere;embolization microspheres
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 摘要：Rubber damping materials with multiphase network structure were constructed by integrating and combining functional rubber particles (FRGs) in the rubber matrix. Accordingly, a new strategy for preparing damping rubber material with wide temperature range was proposed. The morphology of the multiphase materials was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), proving that the prepared composite materials exhibit a typical "sea-island" structure. Then, the effect of FRGs combination on the viscoelastic properties of multiphase samples was explored, which demonstrated that this strategy of constructing multiphase materials through interfacial co-crosslinking can elaborately integrate the viscoelastic properties of different FRGs components while maintaining their relatively independent viscoelastic properties. By adjusting the network structural parameters and relative content of the FRGs, the combination of loss peaks of each component was achieved, and a wide temperature range damping rubber material was ultimately obtained. Further, sound absorption testing indicates the potential application of this multiphase damping material in sound absorption and noise reduction. In addition, the multiphase damping material also possesses excellent mechanical properties and energy absorption and shock absorption capabilities. In short, this work proposes a simple and scalable preparation strategy for rubber damping materials based on traditional rubber industry raw materials and blending processes, providing new ideas for the development of high-performance rubber damping materials.关键词：Functional rubber granules;Integrated combination;Multiphase structure;Wide temperature range;Damping rubber
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发布时间：2024-02-08 -
The Study of a Novel Propanesulfonate Lignin Ether with Good Water-reducing Performance in Concrete 增强出版
摘要：Concrete admixture is one of the important components of concrete. As a kind of concrete admixture, the main function of water reducing agent is to reduce the water consumption of concrete without affecting its workability. Lignosulfonate superplasticizer, an environmentally friendly product, is prepared from pulp waste liquid as raw material with a simple production process. In this work, the novel type of propanesulfonate lignin ether (PSLC) superplasticizer was prepared by reaction of 1,3-propyl sulfonate (PS) and calcium lignosulfonate (LC) under NaOH catalyst. The effects of monomer feeding ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the fluidity of cement slurry were systematically studied. PSLC5 sample showed the fluidity of cement slurry of (250±1) mm with water cement ratio of 0.29 when synthesis condition was m(PS):m(LC) = 1.27:1 at 80 ℃ for 24 h, which was significantly better than that of raw LC (less than 80 mm). The structure and thermal properties of PSLC were characterized systematically through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). When the water cement ratio was 0.29, the fluidity of PSLC5 cement slurry was (250±1) mm better than that of N06 ((197±1) mm). After 60 min of static settling, the damage of PSLC5's flowability was only 3.2%, while N06 almost solidified without flowing. In order to achieve the same slump ((215±5) mm) and spread ((600±5) mm) of the concrete, the demand for PSLC5 was much less than for N06. The compressive strength of PSLC5 concrete was 22.3-43.8 MPa, which was higher than that of N06 at 3 days, 7 days, 28 days, respectively. And the water reducing rate of PSLC5 was 13%, higher than N06's 9.3%. In conclusion, PSLC5 exhibits better performance in concrete water reduction compared to N06. The excellent water reducing effect of PSLC is mainly due to the high electrostatic repulsion generated during absorption on the surface of cement particles.关键词：Calcium lignosulphonate;1;3-Propyl sulfonate;Superplasticizer;Electrostatic repulsion- 156
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发布时间：2024-02-08 - 关键词：Biomimetic rubber;Natural rubber;Linear viscoelasticity;Damping function
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发布时间：2024-02-08
Research Article
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