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Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers Catalyzed by Lewis Pairs
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 50, Issue 3, Pages: 233-246(2019)
- 作者机构：
吉林大学化学学院 超分子结构与材料国家重点实验室 长春 130012
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.18269
CLC：Published：2019-3，
Published Online：28 February 2019，
Received：18 December 2018，
Revised：17 January 2019，
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Yun Bai, Yue-tao Zhang. Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers Catalyzed by Lewis Pairs. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica 50(3):233-246(2019)
Yun Bai, Yue-tao Zhang. Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers Catalyzed by Lewis Pairs. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica 50(3):233-246(2019) DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.18269.
摘要
Lewis酸碱对聚合(Lewis pair polymerization
LPP)是目前化学研究的一个前沿和热点. 自从受阻Lewis酸碱对(frustrated Lewis pair
FLP)概念被提出以来，FLP在有机小分子合成领域得到了快速发展并取得了令人瞩目的成就. 然而FLP在高分子合成，尤其是在极性乙烯基单体聚合方面的应用则是方兴未艾. 本专论总结了LP在高分子合成方面的最新研究进展，论述了LP在极性乙烯基单体聚合上的应用. 从LP体系首次被应用于高分子合成领域到进一步研究聚合反应机制，通过对机理的理解来开发新的Lewis酸碱组合进行催化聚合，从Lewis酸碱加合物(CLA)到FLP，从非活性聚合到活性可控聚合再到利用活性聚合体系得到超高分子量的聚合物，按照体系的发展进程做了系统的介绍. 最后还对LP在高分子研究领域的发展方向进行了展望.
Abstract
The field of the " frustrated Lewis pair” (FLP) chemistry has been receiving sustained intense interests ever since the seminal work reported by Stephan and Erker. On the one hand
the application of FLPs has now been well established in the small molecule chemistry
such as the activation of small molecules
catalytic hydrogenation reactions
and new reactivity/reaction developments. On the other hand
Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) has emerged as the hotspot and frontier of polymer synthesis and generated some exciting results in polymer synthesis
especially in the polymerization of various polar vinyl monomers. Although the polymerization promoted by LPs
either FLPs or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs)
exhibited high activity for polymerization of polar vinyl monomers
the application of such polymerization is hampered by both the low initiation efficiencies and chain-termination side reactions
evidenced by the much higher obtained number-average molecular weight (
M
n
) than the calculated
M
n
and broader molecular weight distribution (MWD
or large
Đ
values) of the resulting polymers
thus giving rise to low initiation efficiencies (
I
*
) and rendering the inability to produce well-defined block copolymers. Therefore
it remains as a challenge to achieve the living polymerization of polar vinyl monomers by a non-interacting
true FLP
or LP-promoted living polymerization of less bulky methacrylates
particularly methyl methacrylate (MMA)
a very important fundamental monomer in the polymer industry. Herein
we summarized the recent developments achieved in the polar vinyl monomer polymerization by LPP since the first successful polymerization catalyzed by LP in 2010
including the scopes of monomers
investigation of reaction mechanism
and different polymerization catalyst systems based on classic Lewis acid-base adduct (CLA) or FLP. These results indicated that the synergistic effects of the LA and LB sites of LPs were essential to achieve an effective and controllable polymerization system. By choosing appropriate combination of Lewis acid and Lewis base
not only the living polymerization of polar vinyl monomer could be achieved
but also the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polymer with
M
n
>
10
6
g mol
−1
and narrow MWD was obtained through this FLP polymerization strategy. Last but not least
with the aim to push forward the studies on LPP
more attention should be paid by chemists from but not limited to the field of frustrated Lewis pairs chemistry for the developing and enriching polymer synthesis by LPP.
关键词
Lewis酸碱对聚合(LPP)受阻Lewis酸碱对(FLP)极性乙烯基单体活性可控聚合超高分子量催化
Keywords
Lewis pair polymerization (LPP)Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)Polar vinyl monomerLiving polymerizationUltrahigh molecular weightCatalysis
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