Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) holds promise for real-time deep tissue imaging. In this work
we design a low-band gap conjugated polymers(pTB) with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures by Stille cross-coupling reaction
which can improve the quality of fluorescence imaging and effectiveness of photothermal therapy. In order to improve the water solubility and biocompatibility of pTB
we adopted nano-deposition technology to envelop the hydrophobic polymer pTB into amphiphilic copolymer (1
2-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-methyl-polyethyleneglycol conjugate (DSPE-mPEG)) shells for NIR-II water-soluble nanoparticles (pTB-PEG). The structure
properties and morphology of the polymer were analyzed by
1
H-NMR
UV-Vis
dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the conjugated polymer nanoparticles have not only a good absorption peak at 831 nm
but also a large Stokes shift of 206 nm. In addition
the average hydrodynamic radius of pTB-PEG NPs was around 69 nm and spherical morphology was observed from TEM. And the nanoparticles also possess excellent photostability and good biocompatibility in physiological environment such as phosphate buffer saline (PBS)
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS)
indicating the potential for further
in vivo
application. More importantly
we used MTT assay to analyze photothermal treatment toward human breast cancer (4T1) cells
in vitro
and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) tests further indicated that this material has a good photothermal therapeutic effect. To study the NIR-II fluorescence characters
we firstly detected the maximum imaging depth of pTB-PEG NPs
in vitro
. With the help of long-wavelength emission (
>
1000 nm)
the imaging depth is 6 mm
far exceeding the traditional near-infrared region (NIR-I) reagents. Under 808 nm laser irradiation
the high-resolution second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging of healthy mouses’ blood vascular system and tumor-bearing mice was effectively achieved. In general
conjugated polymer nanoparticles (pTB-PEG) have a good biocompatibility
excellent light stability and good optical properties. It is a promising NIR-II imaging probe with a wide range of the potential for clinical imaging and live tumor imaging.
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Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University
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State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology