Preparation of High Performance Dielectric Elastomers by Tailoring the Aggregation Structure of Polyurethane

Su-ting Liu; Xiu-juan Wang; Nan-ying Ning; Ming Tian

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22215

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Preparation of High Performance Dielectric Elastomers by Tailoring the Aggregation Structure of Polyurethane

Research Article | 更新时间：2023-05-22

- Preparation of High Performance Dielectric Elastomers by Tailoring the Aggregation Structure of Polyurethane
- ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA Vol. 54, Issue 2, Pages: 266-276(2023)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.环渤海绿色化工应用技术协同创新中心潍坊职业学院化学工程学院潍坊 262737
  2.橡塑材料与工程教育部重点实验室/山东省橡塑材料与工程重点实验室青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院青岛 266042
  3.有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室北京化工大学北京 100029
- 作者简介：
  
  Su-ting Liu, E-mail: 2017260003@sdwfvc.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22215
  CLC：
- Published：20 February 2023，
  
  Published Online：08 October 2022，
  
  Received：31 May 2022，
  
  Accepted：18 July 2022
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刘苏亭,王秀娟,宁南英等.调控聚氨酯聚集态结构制备高性能介电弹性体[J].高分子学报,2023,54(02):266-276.

Liu Su-ting,Wang Xiu-juan,Ning Nan-ying,et al.Preparation of High Performance Dielectric Elastomers by Tailoring the Aggregation Structure of Polyurethane[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(02):266-276.
刘苏亭,王秀娟,宁南英等.调控聚氨酯聚集态结构制备高性能介电弹性体[J].高分子学报,2023,54(02):266-276. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22215.

Liu Su-ting,Wang Xiu-juan,Ning Nan-ying,et al.Preparation of High Performance Dielectric Elastomers by Tailoring the Aggregation Structure of Polyurethane[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2023,54(02):266-276. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2022.22215.

摘要

通过退火保温调控聚氨酯(TPU)的相结构、结晶结构和氢键结构，进而调控其模量和介电常数(

ε'

)，提高TPU的电驱动性能. 使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和小角X射线(SAXS)研究TPU的结晶结构，基于红外光谱对TPU的氢键变化进行半定量分析，使用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究TPU的微相分离结构. 结果显示，退火温度和时间不同导致TPU的聚集态结构各异，对模量、

ε'

和电驱动性能产生了较为复杂的影响. 低温(80 ℃)退火处理后，硬相分布于连续的软段相，且形成了较多软段结晶，相分离程度和氢键破坏程度提高. 相比于高温(150 ℃)退火处理，低温退火后获得较高

ε'

的同时保持了较低的模量，从而产生较大电致形变. 值得注意的是，低温退火条件下产生大范围的软段结晶，使得软段分子链之间排布紧密，导致TPU电击穿强度大幅度提升，得到具有高击穿强度、高电致形变的TPU介电弹性体材料. 80 ℃退火处理6 h后，TPU的电击穿强度从退火处理前的25 kV/mm提高至32 kV/mm，最大电致形变从0.77%提高至3.3%，提高4.3倍.

Abstract

The phase structure

crystallization and hydrogen bonding of thermal polyurethane (TPU) were controlled by annealing process. And the modulus and dielectric constant (

ε'

) of TPU were tailored to improve the electromechanical properties of TPU. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray (SAXS) were used to study the crystalline structure of TPU. The changes of hydrogen bonding of TPU were semi-quantitatively analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The microphase separation structure of TPU was studied by atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show that changing annealing temperature and time results in complex aggregation structures

thus leading to very different electromechanical properties. After annealing at 80 ℃

large numbers of soft segment crystals were formed with the hard phase distributing in the continuous soft phase. Both phase separation and the destruction of hydrogen bonding were improved compared with those of 150 ℃ annealing treatment. Therefore

higher

ε'

and lower modulus were obtained

resulting in larger actuated strain. Besides

under the condition of low temperature annealing

a wide range of soft segment crystals were produced

which makes the molecular chains of soft segments closely arranged

resulting in a significant increase in the breakdown strength of TPU. The results show that after annealing at 80 ℃ for 6 h

the electrical breakdown strength of TPU increases from 25 kV/mm to 32 kV/mm

and the maximum actuated strain increases from 0.77% to 3.3%

increased by 4.3 times.

关键词

聚氨酯介电弹性体结晶相分离电致形变

Keywords

PolyurethaneDielectric elastomerCrystallizationPhase separationActuated Strain

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