最新刊期
卷 52 ， 期 10 ， 2021
- 摘要：Micro-Nano patterns endow material surfaces with unique optical, electrical, acoustic, mechanical and biological properties. Especially, the patterns with dynamically switchable topography can in situ tune the performance of surfaces on-demand and provide a promising alternative for constructing smart materials. Here, the dynamic patterned surfaces whose morphology are temporarily switchable and can return to their original states after undergoing external stimulation are classified as pattern memory surface (PMS). PMS is of great significance to chemistry, physics, materials and biology, and plays an important role in many advanced applications, such as switchable wetting, smart display, electron devices and information security. However, establishing PMS with dynamically tunable topography is still extensively challenging due to the restricted movement of polymer chains caused by substrate material. In this feature article, we attempt to define the characteristics of PMS and summarize the recent developments of the presented PMS of polymer. The strategies for fabricating PMS based on bilayer wrinkled system are emphatically discussed. In addition to the potential of promoting the next generation of smart materials, PMS holds promise in a wide range of intriguing fields as well, including dynamic grating, anti-counterfeiting, reflective display, and cell culture.关键词：Pattern memory surface;Dynamic patterning;Wrinkled surface;Stimuli-responsive surface;Smart materials
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：In recent years, great progress has been made for organic solar cells (OSCs), in which the innovation of active layer materials has played the critical role. Among different type photovoltaic materials, acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structured oligomer-like small molecules, which possess the advantages of defined chemical structures, easily tunable energy levels and absorptions, and unique distribution of electron cloud, have received great attention in the OSC community. Significant progresses have been made, in which the A-D-A type materials including electron donor and electron acceptor materials play important roles. In this review, we start with the discussion of two representative A-D-A type oligomers like donors based on oligothiophene and benzodithiophene unit. OSCs with PCEs over 10% based on these electron donor materials have been realized with delicate molecular modifications and device optimizations. The relationship between the chemical structures and molecular properties is given. For the A-D-A type molecules, the electron-deficient ending groups (A) impose a clear impact on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, solubility, and the molecular packing. The conjugation length of the electron-donating central units (D) affects the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and molecular packing. Besides, side chains attached on the backbone can be used to fine-tune the molecular energy levels as well as molecular packings. All these factors lead to different optical and electrical properties as well as the charge transport properties, and thus the device performances. Then, two series of A-D-A type acceptors based on the central core, fluorene and BDT, have been reviewed. Different strategies are adopted to design and synthesize novel low bandgap acceptors. First, fused ring core based on the fluorene and BDT units are used to enhance and electron-donating properties, which help to up-shift the HOMO levels. Second, ending groups with strong electron withdrawing abilities are introduced to down-shift the LUMO levels. Third, the above two methods are combined to tune the HOMO and LUMO levels simultaneously. With those, novel low bandgap acceptors based on fluorene and BDT with PCE over 15% are demonstrated. Next, recent work on tandem OSCs in our group have been summarized. With continuous innovations of A-D-A materials and device optimizations, a record PCE of 17.36% has been obtained with the guide of semi-empirical model. Last, we propose the future and challenge of OSCs from the perspective of power conversion efficiency, device stability, flexible and large-area device.关键词：Organic solar cell;A-D-A molecule;Power conversion efficiency;Tandem device
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发布时间：2023-12-20
Feature Article
- 摘要：Polyimide films are widely used in the fields of advanced integrated circuits, optoelectronic displays, flexible functional electronics, etc. With the further development of application, the poor thermal conductivity of polyimide film is unable to meet the rapid heat dissipation requirements of electronic devices. In order to improve the thermal conductivity of films and maintain the superior performance of polyimide materials, a new generation of anisotropic polyimide films with high thermal conductivity has become the focus of research. Due to the obvious anisotropy in the structure or properties of polyimides and thermally conductive fillers, the thermal conductivity behavior of both polyimide intrinsic films and polyimide-based composite films mostly shows significant anisotropy. The molecular structures and chain aggregation of polyimides, orientation arrangement of thermally conductive fillers, as well as the matrix morphology will all exert an important impact on the thermal conductivity and their anisotropic behavior of films. Here, we systematically summarize the research progress on anisotropic thermal conduction behavior of polyimide intrinsic films and polyimide-based composite films. The molecular structure design of polyimides, anisotropic heat conduction mechanism, filler orientation and matrix phase structures are discussed in detail. The effect of structural characteristics of polyimide intrinsic films on their thermal conductivity in different directions is presented, and the related research results of amorphous polyimides and liquid crystalline polyimides are respectively introduced. Composite films based on the orientation arrangement of thermally conductive fillers are described, and the other polyimide-based composite films with the matrix phase separation structures are also concluded. The relationship between the orientation or dispersed state of thermally conductive fillers in the matrix and the anisotropic thermal conduction behavior of two types composite films are particularly investigated. Finally, the challenges of polyimide-based film materials with high anisotropic thermal conduction are summarized and the prospects of the future work are outlooked.关键词：Polyimide;Intrinsic films;Composite films;Thermal conduction behavior;Anisotropy
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发布时间：2023-12-20
Review
- 摘要：Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) has the advantages of high reaction efficiency, mild reaction conditions, high atomic economy and facile operation, which is a new trend in constructing complex and functional polymers. In order to explore the application of MCP in the design of drug delivery carriers, in this work, a dual redox-responsive amphiphilic polymer containing diselenide bonds was synthesized based on copper-catalyzed MCP. Amphiphilic polymer and doxorubicin (DOX) were used to construct drug-loaded nano micelles through self-assembly in aqueous solution. The characterization of the micelles shows that the particle size is about 130 nm, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value is 0.23 mg/mL. Under normal physiological conditions, the nano micelles remain structurally stable. However, in a tumor environment containing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or glutathione (GSH), DOX is released from the nano drug-loaded micelles, and the cumulative release amount of DOX reaches 100%. The main reason for this result is that the diselenide bond in the polymer backbone is cleaved under redox conditions. It is found that nano drug-loaded micelles have better drug release performance in the GSH environment than those in the ROS environment. Studies have shown that the redox-responsive amphiphilic polymer is conveniently constructed through MCP, and the polymer exhibits specific degradation properties in the tumor microenvironment. This work provides a new idea for the development and design of intelligent nano drug-loaded micelles.关键词：Multicomponent polymerization;Redox;Amphiphilic polymer;Drug-loaded micelles;Diselenide
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：For the development of flexible OLED displays, the flexibility depends on the polymer substrate. In this work, the rigid-rod diamine (2-(4-aminophenyl-5-aminopyridine, PD) containing phenylpyridine was synthesized and copolymerized with diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) to form a range of polyimides with both rigid and flexible segments. The results show that the glass transition temperatures obviously increased (Tg>450 ℃) and the thermal expansion coefficient gradually decreased (CTE < 5×10-6 K-1, 50~400 ℃) with the PD content increase in the polyimides. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of the polyimide films increased by 1.25 times and 4.53 times, respectively, however, the polyimide films still have a high elongation at break of close to 40%. WAXD showed that the introduction of the rigid diamine (PD) in polyimide chains was conducive to orderly arrangement and compact packing, and as a result, the crystallinity increased. Therefore, the performances of the polyimide films could be systematically tailored by means of adjusting the main-chain rigidity, as well as the close packing and orientation of polymer chains by the formation of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between poly(amic acid)s containing phenylpyridine. The PI films can simultaneously achieve excellent thermal dimensional stability, high heat resistance, high strength and high toughness, which is expected to be applied in the field of flexible OLED display.关键词：Polyimides;flexible OLED;low thermal expansion coefficient;superheat-resistant
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：The alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides to prepare degradable polycarbonates is an important green polymerization process, since CO2 is an abundant, cheap and nontoxic renewable C1 resource. Because of their good environmental friendliness and degradability, these materials are expected to be widely used in disposable packaging, degradable agricultural films, foaming agents and adhesives. For the copolymerization of substituted epoxides with CO2, the stereochemistry inherent to the epoxide monomer provides the possibility to synthesize stereoregular polycarbonates by establishing chiral centers in the main chain of the resultant copolymers with control of the absolute configuration. Indeed, there is a great correlation between the stereochemistry of polymer main chain and its physical properties. The precise control of polymer microstructure is one of the most important goals in the field of coordination catalysis polymerization. The synthesis of the corresponding model oligomers and analysis of their 13C-NMR spectra play a critical role in qualitative and quantitative analysis of polymer microstructure. In the present contribution, (R,R)/(S,S)-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diols were used as starting materials to synthesize various isotactic and syndiotactic model compounds (oligomers with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 degree of polymerization) of poly(1,4-cyclohexadiene carbonate) (PCEC), using N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and triphosgene as carbonylation reagents. By comparing the signals in the 13C-NMR spectra of various steroregular oligomers, it can be concluded that the signals at δ=154.04, 73.83 and 29.91 are assigned to carbonyl, methine and methylene of isotactic PCEC, respectively, while the signals at δ=153.72, 72.97 and 28.98 are attributed to carbonyl, methine and methylene of syndiotactic polycarbonate, respectively.关键词：Carbon dioxide;Polycarbonate;Isotactic structure;Syndiotactic structure;NMR spectroscopy
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Two kinds of novel functionalized bio-based ionomers (ECO-OH-PF6, ECO-EG-PF6) were successfully synthesized through simple quaternization and ion exchange reactions from commercialized chloroether rubber and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole, new designed PEG-based imidazole. The two ionomers were studied as toughening agents for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by a melt blending method. Due to the different side chain structures, the two ionomers possess completely different physical properties, thus leading to totally different toughening effect for the PLA/ionomers binary blends. DSC and DMA results indicated that the ECO-EG-PF6 mainly played a role of plasticizer for PLA, leading to enhancement in cold crystallization and flexibility of PLA. The PLA/ECO-EG-PF6(90/10) blend exhibited a high tensile strength of 63.1 MPa, an improved elongation at break up to 135% and impact strength of 4.8 kJ/m2. However, the transparency of the PLA/ECO-EG-PF6(90/10) blend was decreased because of the unmatching refractive index (RI) of the large PEG segment with PLA and the improved crystallinity. Compared with the ECO-EG-PF6, the ECO-OH-PF6 ionomer endowed PLA with better transparency and tensile ductility. Especially, the PLA/ECO-OH-PF6(80/20) binary blend achieved the optimal mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 47.8 MPa and high elongation at break (241%). The results of DMA and SEM suggest that ECO-OH-PF6 and PLA had a good interfacial compatibility and adhesion, which is due to the ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding formed between ECO-OH-PF6 and the PLA matrix. Moreover, the PLA/ECO-OH-PF6(90/10) blend showed a high light transmittance of 77%‒87% in the visible light range, which is comparable to that of PLA.关键词：Poly(lactic acid);Ionomer;Noncovalent Interactions;Toughening;Transparency
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Taking lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, tetracosanol and octacosanol as initiator, respectively, the poly(L-lactide)s with different long terminal linear alkyl chains were synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of L-lactide. The molecular structures and molecular weight of the obtained poly(L-lactide)s were characterized by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). Besides, the crystallization behavior and water vapor permeability of synthesized poly(L-lactide)s were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water vapor permeation instrument. The 1H-NMR and GPC analysis results show that the alkyl chain was successfully bonded to the end of poly(L-lactide)s molecular chain, the molar ratio of L-LA to fatty alcohol was constant, and the molecular weight of the samples synthesized by different fatty alcohols was basically consistent with the theoretical value. DSC results display that the crystallization rate of poly(L-lactide)s increased with the increase of the length of alkyl chain at 80 ℃. Additionally, The tetradecane group at the end of poly(L-lactide)s molecular chain can promote the nucleation and the crystallization at high temperature. Crystallinity of completely crystallized poly(L-lactide)s decreased slightly with the increasing molecular weight. Furthermore, measurements on the water vapor transmission performance indicate that the water vapor transmission coefficients of amorphous poly(L-lactide) films were stronger than those of crystalline films. The molecular weight of poly(L-lactide)s had little effect on the water vapor permeability of the film, so the water vapor permeability can be adjusted by regulating the aggregation structure of poly(L-lactide)s, and the poly(L-lactide) packaging materials can be better applied to the market.关键词：Poly(L-lactide)s;Length of alkyl chain;Crystallization;Water vapor transmission property
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Taking lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, tetracosanol and octacosanol as initiator, respectively, the poly(L-lactide)s with different long terminal linear alkyl chains were synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of L-lactide. The molecular structures and molecular weight of the obtained poly(L-lactide)s were characterized by infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). Besides, the crystallization behavior and water vapor permeability of synthesized poly(L-lactide)s were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water vapor permeation instrument. The 1H-NMR and GPC analysis results show that the alkyl chain was successfully bonded to the end of poly(L-lactide)s molecular chain, the molar ratio of L-LA to fatty alcohol was constant, and the molecular weight of the samples synthesized by different fatty alcohols was basically consistent with the theoretical value. DSC results display that the crystallization rate of poly(L-lactide)s increased with the increase of the length of alkyl chain at 80 ℃. Additionally, The tetradecane group at the end of poly(L-lactide)s molecular chain can promote the nucleation and the crystallization at high temperature. Crystallinity of completely crystallized poly(L-lactide)s decreased slightly with the increasing molecular weight. Furthermore, measurements on the water vapor transmission performance indicate that the water vapor transmission coefficients of amorphous poly(L-lactide) films were stronger than those of crystalline films. The molecular weight of poly(L-lactide)s had little effect on the water vapor permeability of the film, so the water vapor permeability can be adjusted by regulating the aggregation structure of poly(L-lactide)s, and the poly(L-lactide) packaging materials can be better applied to the market.关键词：Poly(L-lactide)s;Length of alkyl chain;Crystallization;Water vapor transmission property
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：A multi-component hydrogen-bonded poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEO/PVA/PAA) complex fiber is fabricated by “inhibition-formation method”. PAA powder, PVA powder and PEO powder are dissolved in deionized water, respectively. They are mixed with alkali to obtain a spinning solution by inhibiting the hydrogen complexation. The total concentration of spinning solution is fixed at 6.5 wt%. The molar ratio of repeating unit of PVA to PAA is fixed at 1:1, and PEO content is varied. After mixing, the spinning solution is centrifuged at 10000 r/min for 15 min to remove the bubbles. Then the solution is extruded through a spinneret into 2.0 mol/L HCl coagulation bath to form fibers by formation of hydrogen-bonded complex. The nascent fibers are dried in ambient environment for 24 h. The PEO/PVA/PAA fibers with different compositions are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical strength tester. The FTIR results demonstrate the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions in fibers. The crystallines of PEO and PVA are inhibited by the hydrogen bonding complexation. Each kind of fibers only shows one Tg on the DSC curve, indicating the miscibility of different components. With the increase of PEO content, Tg of the fibers decrease. The SEM images show that the cross sections of fractured fibers are rough.Tensile testing exhibites that the fiber becomes soft as PEO content increases. The fiber shows obvious yielding behavior when the PEO content is 20%. When the PEO content increases to 60%, the yielding disappears and the elongation increases dramatically to more than 1000% at room temperature with relative humidity of 65%. The elastic recovery test shows the elastic recovery is low (40%) as the PEO content is 20% and the value is enhanced to 90% when PEO content is 60%. The mechiacial properties of fibers show strong dependence on humidity. The fibers will present shape memory effect as humidity changes, and are endowed with memdable behavior in the high humidity environment.关键词：Hydrogen bond;Multi-component;Complex Fiber;Shape memory;Mendable
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Acrylamide (AM) was copolymerized with guest units ferrocene derivative (G) to produce P(AM-G) in the presence of initiator. Subsequently, supramolecular hydrogel was fabricated by dynamic host-guest interaction between the guest unit and host molecule cucurbit[10]uril (CB[10]). The structure, morphology, and self-healing properties of hydrogel were investigated by 1H-NMR spectra, scanning electron microscopy, rheological tests, etc. The supramolecular hydrogel presents a 3D network porous structure with elastic characteristic. The dynamic CB[10] host-guest interactions contribute to the formation of crosslinking networks. The obtained supramolecular hydrogel can be self-healing without the assistance of any external stimulus. Investigations on the catalytic properties of the hydrogel show that the intrinsic catalytic activity of the ferrocene can still be preserved after in situ fabrication within a hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel exhibited good catalytic activity and provided a sensitive response toward H2O2 with a detection limit of 2.5×10-4 mol/L. This process provides a novel method for the production of functional supramolecular hydrogels with various potential applications in biotechnology and environmental chemistry.关键词：Supramolecular hydrogels;Host-guest interactions;cucurbit[10]uril;Self-healing;H2O2 detection
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Oil/water separation is a worldwide challenge because large amounts of oily wastewater are produced in our daily life and many industrial processes. There is a growing tendency to employ ultrafiltration membrane for treating oily wastewater due to its low energy consumption, high operation efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristic.Recently, amphiphilic copolymers were designed as additives to fabricate composite membranes through physical blending modification, which has quickly become a research hotspot due to its simple operation. In this work, a novel amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) block poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate) block poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (mPEG-b-PHFBM-b-PGMA) was beforehand synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Then, the PES/mPEG-b-PHFBM-b-PGMA composite membrane was prepared by the NIPS method. In the membrane formation process, the hydrophobic PGMA segments in mPEG-b-PHFBM-b-PGMA act as an anchor, which amalgamated with hydrophobic PES molecular. At the same time, the hydrophilic mPEG segments migrated spontaneously to the membrane surface via a "free surface segregation" approach, dragging the low surface energy PHFBM segments onto membrane surfaces. In this way, an antifouling and self-cleaning advanced membrane surface was constructed. The pure water flux and oil flux of the PES/PFG5 composite membrane are around 290.25 and 252.89 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. The corresponding values of the PES blank membrane are only 64.10 and 11.09 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. Compared with the unmodified PES membrane, the flux recovery ratio increases from 45.75% to 90.15%, while the permeation flux-decline value decreases from 82.70% to 12.87%, suggesting the excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning property of the modified PES/PFG5 composite membrane. Furthermore, the mPEG-b-PHFBM-b-PGMA copolymer exhibits good stability due to the physical intertwisting and hydrophobic interaction between the PGMA and PES, suggesting the good application prospect of the membrane in oil/water separation.关键词：PES composite membrane;Oil/water separation;Self-cleaning;Amphiphilic block polymer;Hexafluorobutyl methacrylate
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Solvent (-vapor) annealing (SA) has been widely used to promote the formation of perpendicularly oriented structures in self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. In SA, as-prepared block copolymer films are exposed to the vapor of solvent to form a swollen and mobile polymer film atop the substrate, and finally the solvent is evaporated. Tranditional SA contains only one swollen-evaporation process, while cyclic solvent annealing (CSA) contains multiple swollen-evaporation processes in a cyclic means. The existence of solvent affects the effective interaction between the blocks, the effective film thickness, the effective surface preference, and the effective volume fractions of the blocks, and hence affects the resulting morphology. The morphologies induced by the presence of solvent may be trapped during the solvent evaporation process. Hence, the resulting morphology after SA/CSA may be quite different from that without SA/CSA treatment. Furthermore, the swollen- evaporation processes in CSA can be designed to facilitate the formation of perpendicularly-orientated structures. In this study, we present our lattice Monte Carlo simulation results of the self-assembly for cylinder-forming diblock copolymer films under CSA. Our simulations are based on the "single-site bond fluctuation" model, and it is assumed that the maximum swelling ratio of the film in each swollen-evaporation cycle decreases linearly with the increase of the cycle number. This assumption ensures that relatively large rearrangement of microdomains occurs when the number of cycles is relatively small, and the resulting characteristic structure can be kept effectively in the following cycles. The results show that the surface preference window (β-window) of perpendicular cylinders is affected by the solvent evaporation rate, solvent selectivity and commensurability between the film thickness and the bulk period. When the solvent evaporation rate is intermediate, the β-window enlarges with increasing it. A stronger solvent selectivity for the majority block as well as dismatch between the film thickness at a swelling ratio of 1.5 and the period of the bulk cylindrical phase enlarges the β-window. By analyzing the mean-square displacements, it is found that the diffusion of the polymer segments in the perpendicular direction is always faster than that in the parallel direction, which leads to that segments are preferentially gathered along the perpendicular direction, and hence promotes the formation of the perpendicular cylinders. Compared with that in the SA treatment for the same system, the β-window of perpendicular cylinders is wider and the annealing time can be greatly reduced under CSA treatment.关键词：Block copolymer;Cyclic solvent (vapor) annealing;Orientation;Cylindrical phase
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发布时间：2023-12-20
Research Article
- 摘要：Because of complicated multi-scale structure for the polymer material, studying microscopic structure of polymer and clarifying the relationship between structure and physical property are the major goal and challenge in the polymer science. For the crystalline polymer, crystal structure should be analyzed and established at first. X-ray diffraction is the most classical and conventional method for the crystal structure analysis in polymers, which gives the detailed information of molecular chain conformation, chain aggregation in the crystal lattice. This article reviews the main principles and experimental techniques of X-ray diffraction methodology, and also summarizes the progress and application in the polymer field over the past decade. By utilizing X-ray diffraction method, the crystal structure of newly synthesized crystalline polymers can be analyzed, which may help us recognize crystal phase transition and hierarchical structure evolution by the external force, and also study towards the microscopic clarification of structure-property relationship. By combining other techniques such as neutron scattering, electron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational spectroscopy and computer simulation, the crystal structure of polymers with higher reliability can be established, leading us to the highly quantitative discussion from the molecular level. For this purpose, the study of polymer crystal structure is still on the way, and the contents may be helpful for the beginners and researchers.关键词：Crystalline polymer;Crystal structure;X-ray diffraction method;Structure and property
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发布时间：2023-12-20 - 摘要：Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for characterizing the nanoscale surface topography, structures, properties and dynamic process of materials, which has been widely used in polymer science. With the advances of multiparametric and multifunctional characterization, AFM not only can probe the surface topography and physicochemical properties of polymers from the structure of individual molecules to aggregation structures, but also enables the in situ study of crystallization and melting of polymers, self-assembly of block copolymers and phase separation of blend polymers by real-time imaging. Furthermore, the scanning probe lithography (SPL) (e.g. mechanical-SPL, bias induced SPL, thermal-SPL) provides an attractive nanofabrication method on polymer surface and demonstrates potential applications. Here, we present a survey on the working principle and classic imaging modes of AFM, with an emphasis on the preparation of polymer samples, the optimization of scan parameters, image processing and data analysis. And we summarize recent research progress on the applications of AFM in polymer science, mainly focusing on imaging the surface topography, quantitatively mapping the physicochemical properties, the dynamic evolution of phase transition, and nanofabrication method based on SPL. We hope this review would be conducive to understanding the AFM techniques and promote further applications of AFM in polymer characterization.关键词：Atomic force microscopy;Polymer characterization;Aggregation structure;Nanoscale properties of polymer;Scanning probe lithography
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发布时间：2023-12-20
Review (Special Topic: Techniques of Polymer Characterization)
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