最新刊期
卷 54 ， 期 1 ， 2023
- 摘要：Bladder cancer is one of the most common tumors of the urinary system, among which non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for more than 75%. Given that NMIBC is prone to recurrence and progression after surgical treatment alone, multiple guidelines recommend surgical resection combined with postoperative perfusion therapy as its standard treatment. As a common drug type for intravesical instillation therapy, chemotherapeutics plays important roles in the treatment of NMIBC. However, due to the limitations such as urine dilution, bladder voiding, and direct drug exposure, the short bladder retention and high toxicity of small drugs greatly limit their application in intravesical instillation. In order to improve the safety and efficacy of small drugs, various new drug delivery devices or technologies have been applied in NMIBC therapy, but the problem of side effects of instillation therapy still cannot be solved. Nanotechnologies have also attracted substantial research interest due to their capacity to improve the safety and effectiveness of the instillation therapy. This article briefly summarizes the current new drugs and drug delivery technologies in clinical treatments of NMIBC. Along with the progresses made by themselves and some other research groups, the authors summarize the recent progresses of nanomedicines used in intravesical instillation therapy and make an outlook on the future prospects of such kind of nanomedicines.关键词：Cancer therapy;Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer;Intravesical instillation chemotherapy;Nanomedicine
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：Combining different polymers together to obtain multi-component polymer systems is an important and effective method for developing novel polymeric materials and regulating their properties. However, the synergistic effect between different components can hardly play its full role because of the ubiquitous phase separation. To solve this problem, we developed a novel strategy to prepare multi-component polymer systems as follows, in which phase separation can be suppressed. Firstly, two covalent adaptive networks respectively containing orthogonal reversible covalent bonds were synthesized. Next, the two single networks were dissolved in a co-solvent under proper stimulus as a result of the reversible reactions of the included reversible bonds. Accordingly, the solutions with the fragments of the single networks can be well mixed, and the latter were allowed to be reconstructed together through topological rearrangement with the assistance of inter-component secondary interactions during removal of the stimulus and co-solvent. Eventually, co-networks with relative independence, i.e. reversibly interlocked polymer networks, were obtained. Owing to the forced miscibility effect induced by the interlocked structure, even immiscible polymer pairs can be homogeneously interlaced with each other. In this context, there would be more freedom to choose the raw materials, and versatile multi-component polymer systems with high performance and novel functionalities can be developed. The paper introduces the material design and general preparation method of reversibly interlocked polymer networks. Afterwards, the structural features of the interlocked polymer networks, and a few applications of this type of material, including enhancement and regulation of mechanical properties, wide pH range underwater self-healability, improvement of intrinsic thermal conductivity, optimization of polymeric solid phase electrolyte, and controllable isolation/degradation and close-loop recycling of multi-component polymer systems, are discussed. Lastly, the difference between the interlocked networks and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is analyzed, and the future development in this aspect is prospected.关键词：Multi-component polymer systems;Reversibly interlocked polymer networks;Dynamic covalent bonds;Topological rearrangement
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发布时间：2023-05-22
Feature Article
- 摘要：In recent years, with the demands of materials science and high technologies, of optical materials with high performance and multi-functionalization are required. In order to combine the advantages of traditional organic polymer optical materials and inorganic optical materials, many researchers pay much attention to the fabrication and properties of the polymer/nanoparticle composites. In this paper, the methods for controlling the light transmittance of hybrid materials are summarized, focusing on the importance of hybrid materials' transparency , and then it is worth noting that the selection of hybrid methods is largely related to the properties of materials, especially the properties of inorganic nanoparticles. Subsequently, we introduce the applications of polymer/nanoparticle composites, including high refractive index materials and luminescent materials. For high refractive index materials, we summarized different strategies about the improvement of refractive index. For luminescent materials, various fabrication methods based on different interactions between polymer phase and inorganic nano-phase and the improvements of performance are summarized. Next, the performance improvement and adjustment of polymer/nanoparticle composites for other optical properties, mechanical, thermal and surface properties are discussed. Finally, we propose the challenges of the next generation polymer/nanoparticle composites to further push forward the development in this field.关键词：Polymer nanocomposites;optical function materials;hybrid methods;high refractive index materials;luminescent materials
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：This article has summarized the main academic ideas from the forum titled as "Challenges and Opportunities on the Nonequilibrium Systems of Soft Matter" which has been organized by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in Beijing on Oct. 24, 2021. Firstly, the main physical and chemical properties of nonequilibrium systems of soft matter are summarized. The important challenges at the international academic frontiers are then expounded. And some relevant progresses and innovative research achievements are introduced in the fundamental research fields of chemistry, physics and mathematics in China. The importance of how to develop between life sciences and materials sciences the leading roles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics into these new research directions and fields were mainly discussed. At the same time, in order to meet the major technical needs in Chinese future developments, some key scientific issues in the field of nonequilibrium systems of soft matter were suggested for the next 5-10 years, and some strategic suggestions for strengthening the support of NSFC were proposed.关键词：Soft matter;Nonequilibrium System;Life System;Materials Science;Interdisciplinary
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发布时间：2023-05-22
Review
- 摘要：Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a kind of flexible transparent electrode material with superior flexibility and high conductivity. However, AgNWs-based transparent electrode films always suffer some problems, such as large surface roughness, poor adhesion to the substrate, and mismatching between its work function and energy level of the active layer. In this work, the embedded AgNWs in polyimide (PI) substrate was prepared by blade-coating method, which demonstrates the AgNWs transparent electrode with smooth surface. Pentafluorothiophenol (PFTP) was self-assembled on the surface of AgNWs through interaction between Ag and sulfhydryl group, so that the work function of AgNWs electrode is increased from -4.88 eV to -5.06 eV, rendering it more matched with the energy level of the active layer. Based on the PFTP-modified AgNWs/PI substrate, the flexible organic solar cell without hole transport layer was fabricated by blade coating, and a power conversion efficiency of 11.77% was obtained. This work provides a novel idea for the preparation and work function regulation of AgNWs-based flexible electrode/substrate, and suggests a simple and effective method for the development of efficient flexible organic solar cells based on AgNWs flexible electrode.关键词：Silver Nanowires;Self-assembly;Flexible;Organic Solar Cell
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：Inhibition of fibril assembly is a potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The NAC, a fragment of α-synuclein, is considered to be the key region of α-synuclein that causes Parkinson's disease. It has been recently shown that the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is promising candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's diseases. However, it is still not very clear that how and why the PAMAM could inhibit the protein aggegration. In this study, the interaction between PAMAM dendrimers and NAC fragments was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.The coarse-grained Martini field was adopted for PAMAM and proteins and the effects of generation and concentration of PAMAM dendrimers on the aggregation dynamics were studied. We mainly built nine systems and G3-G5 PAMAM dendrimers were used. The systems for α-synucleins of 10.4 mmol/L were built without PAMAM, and with 0.80 and 1.04 mmol/L PAMAM dendrimers, respectively. All systems are simulated with a long time of 5000 ns. In the Martini force field, the real time is about 20 μs. It was found that the addition of PAMAM molecules could slow down the aggregation process and increase the formation time of the largest cluster. The larger the dendrimer generation and the higher concentration, the larger the degree of inhibition of the NAC aggregation. Taking the existence of 5 clusters in the box as the criterion, the aggregation time is about 180 ns for the system without PAMAM dendrimers, ~230 ns for the system with five G3-PAMAM dendrimers, ~400 ns for the system with five G4-PAMAM dendrimers, ~400 ns for the system with three G5-PAMAM dendrimers, and ~500 ns for the system with five G5-PAMAM dendrimers. Meanwhile, there exists a scaling relation between cluster size, S, and simulation time, t, with S~
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) hydrogel has been widely used in the field of tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility, degradability and low immunogenicity. It shows a good application prospect in the field of cartilage repair. However, as a natural polymer hydrogel, the strength of RSF hydrogel is difficult to match with cartilage. In this study, during the preparation of RSF chemical crosslinked hydrogel by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enzymatic crosslinking, laponite (LAP)/polydopamine (PDA) composite nanomaterials were introduced as a second component to adjust the reaction and improve the chemical crosslinking efficiency. Compared with the pure RSF chemically crosslinked hydrogel, the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel were significantly improved after the addition of LAP/PDA composite nanomaterials, and the compression modulus was improved by about 70%. This is mainly because the LAP/PDA composite nanomaterials inhibited the "curling" of silk protein molecular chains in the crosslinking process by participating in the enzymatic crosslinking reaction, and increased the chemical crosslinking points in the crosslinked network. After soaking in ethanol, physical crosslinked network can be further formed in RSF chemical crosslinked hydrogel to obtain a double crosslinked hydrogel. The increase of chemical crosslinking points in the RSF-LAP/PDA chemical crosslinked hydrogel was beneficial to decreasing the dimensions and improving the distribution uniformity of the β-sheet domains formed during ethanol ripening, such that the mechanical properties of the final double crosslinked hydrogel were greatly improved. This double crosslinked method can effectively solve the problem of mechanical properties degradation caused by inhomogeneous crosslinked network when preparing RSF hydrogel with high solid content, and improve the stability of regenerated silk fibroin based hydrogel as implant repair materials in vivo. In vitro study showed that the RSF-LAP/PDA double crosslinked hydrogel had excellent biocompatibility and the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, which made it good application prospect in cartilage repair and other fields.关键词：Silk fibroin;Hydrogel;Enzymatic crosslinking;Physical crosslinking;Double crosslinking
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：With the rapid development of global science and technology, electromagnetic radiation pollution is becoming more and more serious, and there is an urgent need for electromagnetic shielding materials, which require higher performance: light weight, high mechanical strength, high conductivity, and good electromagnetic interference shielding effect. In order to meet the requirements, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with high mechanical strength and good weather resistance was selected as the matrix, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with high-efficiency conductive filler were added. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the material properties, a copolymer of polyether polyol (EOPO) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was added. In this paper, EVOH/MDI-g-EOPO/MWCNTs nano-composite foams were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method, which is environmentally friendly. The results show that the introduction of a porous structure into EVOH/MDI-g-EOPO/MWCNTs composites, and the use of multilayer interfaces to reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves, can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance by 270%. By adjusting the MWCNTs content and cell structure, when the MWCNTs volume content reaches 2.7 vol%, the EVOH/MDI-g-EOPO/MWCNTs composite foam material exhibits an excellent specific electromagnetic shielding efficiency (41.76 dB·cm3/g) in the X-band (9-12 GHz).关键词：Electromagnetic shielding;ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers;Supercritical carbon dioxide foaming;Multi-walled carbon nanotubes;porous nanocomposites
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发布时间：2023-05-22 - 摘要：Nitrate-responsive polymer microgels are potentially used as renewable adsorbents for nitrate removal. However, how to identify nitrate in water with high efficiency remains a challenge. In this work, we synthesized a monomer, 2,3-dihydroxy-N-(2-methylallyl)benzamide that contained catechol groups, which was then used for the synthesis of catechol-containing microgels via copolymerization with styrene, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene and 1,4-divinylbenzene. With an increase in nitrate concentration over an environmentally relevant range of 0-40.0 mg/L (i.e., 0-2.9 mmol/L), turbidity tests show that the extinction of the microgel dispersion increases, and dynamic light scattering tests reveal that the hydrodynamic diameter of the microgels become smaller, indicating deswelling of the microgels, whereas the microgels would swell slightly upon adding other anions (with sulfate, chloridion, and bromide ion as models). It is possible that the deswelling behaviour of the microgels in response to nitrate is related to the presence of the catechol groups, which might bind nitrate through indirect interactions that make the microgels display salting out effect. This is further demonstrated by chromatographic tests. It is shown that the microgels can exhibit good adsorption performance for nitrate capture, with the maximum adsorption capacity being as high as 54.2 mg/g, and reach equilibrium rapidly (within 10 min) even for the low concentrations of nitrate (≤10 mg/L), making them potential use for wastewater treatment (with tailwater from a local aquaculture as the model).关键词：Polymer microgels;Stimuli-responsive;Nitrate;Wastewater Treatment
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发布时间：2023-05-22
Research Article
- 摘要：Optical imaging is the simplest characterization method for observing the microscopic structures of materials in real space. Since the first one invented by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, optical microscopes have found wide applications in every corner of material, chemistry and biology. Via optical microscope, we can capture micro structures invisible to naked eyes. Through polarized light, we can obtain optical properties of crystals invisible in bright field imaging. This review briefly summarizes the application of polarized optical microscopes in the characterization of polymer crystalline structures. Based on the birefringence, polarized optical microscope can reveal the structure information such as orientation of optical axes. However, polarized optical microscope only gives a coupled information of birefringence and the orientation of slow optical axis. To solve the problem, PolScope system equipped with variable direction of polarized light can determine both the optical retardance of birefringence and the azimuth of slow axis precisely. The more advanced optical microscope, Müller matrix microscope employs rotating polarization generator and analyzer to characterize more optical properties, such as linear dichroism, linear birefringence, circular dichroism and circular birefringence. Some typical applications of polarized optical microscope, PolScope system and Müller matrix microscope to characterize polymer spherulites are summarized together with the fundamentals and some using tips.关键词：Polarized optical microscope;Polymer crystalline structures;PolScope;Müller matrix microscope;Polarized light
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发布时间：2023-05-22
Review (Special Topic: Techniques of Polymer Characterization)
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