最新刊期
卷 55 ， 期 9 ， 2024
- 摘要：Stretchable polymer optoelectronic devices, as a unique class of devices based on conjugated polymers, are capable of maintaining their optoelectronic performance under mechanical deformations. Such unique feature gives them significant potential in applications such as wearable electronics, stretchable displays, biomedical sensing and beyond. In recent years, extensive research both domestically and internationally in device and material design has laid the groundwork for enhancing the performance and expanding the applications of these devices. Currently, stretchable optoelectronic devices are primarily constructed by two approaches: external elasticity and intrinsic elasticity. Devices using external elasticity achieve stretchability through specific device forms, such as wrinkle structures, "island-bridge" structures, fiber structures, and kirigami structures. In contrast, devices based on intrinsic elasticity achieve stretchability in each functional layer through thin film modifications, such as molecular design, blending with elastomers, and adding plasticizers. This review delves into these two construction methods, examining strategies for device design, chemical modification, and thin-film composition optimization. It reviews significant research achievements in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), and organic photodetectors (OPDs). Finally, the paper points out key research directions, highlighting challenges and opportunities in material and film modification, device engineering, and studies on structure-performance relationship. It envisions that the ongoing development of stretchable polymer optoelectronic devices will bring new vitality and breakthroughs to the field of organic electronics.关键词：Conjugated polymers;Stretchable;Organic field-effect transistors;Organic light-emitting diodes;Organic photodetectors
- 852
- |
- 395
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Organic electrochemical transistors play a crucial role in modulating the electronic structure and conductivity of conjugated films through ion-electron coupling, making them highly promising for the advancement of flexible smart electronics. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the organic electrochemical transistors by integrating electrochemical doping principle. It discusses the recent advancements in ion-electron coupling performance and mechanical characteristics such as stretchability, mechanical conformability, and bioviscosity. In addition, it summarizes the multifunctional applications of the organic electrochemical transistors, including their role in complementary logic circuits, biosensing, and bionic neural synapses. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on research strategies, aimed at enhancing device performance and enabling multifunctionality through approaches like organic conjugated molecule design, interface modification, ion dynamics control, and device structure optimization, underscoring the versatility of OECTs in smart electronics. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities of organic electrochemical transistors are discussed in detail concerning integrated intelligent sensing devices for sensing-adaptation-feedback-processing and low-cost commercial preparation.关键词：Organic electrochemical transistor;Conjugated molecules;Electric performance;Mechanical properties;Multifunctional application
- 902
- |
- 754
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26
Review
- 摘要：Semitransparent organic solar cells (STOPV) are a widely acknowledged solar energy conversion technology that can simultaneously absorb invisible light for energy production while allowing visible light transmission for transparency. However, regarding STOPV integrated on building to reach practical application in the future, the harmonious unification of power conversion efficiency (PCE), average photopic transmittance (APT), and the infrared-light rejection rate (IRR) must be achieved. In contrast to traditional single-optimization strategies, we present an approach to enhancing STOPV performance by using a ternary strategy coupled with multiple optical modulation engineering. On the materials level, by combining the wide bandgap donor PM6 and two near-infrared acceptors owing similar absorption but different end groups combinations (symmetric molecule BTP-eC9 and asymmetric molecule BTP-S9), we have optimized the efficiency of a single-junction ternary opaque organic solar cell to 18.66%. On the device level, we propose a triple optical manipulation method by integrating an anti-reflection layer (ARC), a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) optical layer, and a bandpass filter (BF) into the original STOPV structure, to address the see-saw effect among PCE, APT and IRR. Ultimately, our optimized STOPV achieved a PCE of 12.82% and APT of 35.70%, causing a light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 4.6%, and an infrared-light rejection rate of 96.8%, ranking one of the highest performance multifunction-STOPV.关键词：Semitransparent organic solar cells;optical manipulation;tellurium dioxide;near-infrared light insulation;photovoltaic building integration
- 534
- |
- 62
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization have been widely used in brackish water purification, wastewater treatment and solvent recovery. However, it remains a challenge to further enhance the membrane performances by optimizing their structure due to the rapid reaction rate and poor controllability of the conventional interfacial polymerization. In this work, we report a facile strategy to fabricate polyamide composite membranes with improved nanofiltration performance by using lithium chloride as an additive in interfacial polymerization to regulate the membrane structure. The synthesized polyamide layers show a reduced harmonic amide bond density and an increased pore size from 0.51 nm to 0.59 nm, while the morphology, chemical structure, surface charge, and surface hydrophilicity remain almost unchanged under the optimal addition of lithium chloride at 1.25 g·L-1. The resulting structure endows the polyamide composite membrane with a 17% enhanced water permeance, reaching up to 216 L·m-2·h-1·MPa-1, while maintaining a high rejection of Na2SO4 above 98.8%. In addition, nanofiltration membranes prepared demonstrate excellent performance stability when operated under various applied pressures, across a wide concentration range of feed solution, and during a 120-h long-term filtration process, indicating the potential of our membranes in practical applications.关键词：Interfacial polymerization;Polyamide;Lithium chloride;Polyamide composite membrane;Nanofiltration
- 496
- |
- 350
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-vinyl acetate) (PMV) have been found as a kind of non-conjugated photoluminescent polymer with strong light emission and unique solvatochromic effect, while its photoluminescence orginated from anhydride cluster interacting in a through-space manner. Besides, PMV could also be converted into highly-emissive or dual-emissive PMV salts through alkalization modification with sodium/lithium hydroxide. Yet in this study, self-precipated polymerized PMV microspheres were modified by amidation and imide to break maleic anhydride rings and prepare water-soluble photoluminescent poly(maleamic acid-alt-vinyl acetate) (PMVN) through simple ammonia treatment. PMVN not only exhibited photoluminescent properties in both solution and solid state, but also showed different colors and fluorescence characteristics when dissolved at different temperatures (room temperature, or 85 ℃). Microstructure analysis showed that the structures of PMVN-RT and PMVN-85 were basically the same, yet their fluorescence clusters were significantly different, which might be attributed to their different fluorescence characteristics. In addition, the color of PMVN-RT changed to green after heating, while the fluorescence clusters, solution color and fluorescence characteristics of PMVN-85 showed a trend of transforming into PMVN-RT after being placed at room temperature for 72 h. PMVN was a thermochromic photoluminescent polymer with reversible transformation characteristics. Besides, composite fluorescent hydrogels were prepared and exhibited application prospects in many fields such as temperature sensors, biosensors, disease diagnosis, cell imaging, bionic drive and environmental monitoring.关键词：poly(maleic anhydride-alt-vinyl acetate) (PMV) and its derivatives;fluorescent hydrogel;self-stabilized precipitation polymerization;photoluminescent clusters;blue and red emission;aggregation induced emission
- 361
- |
- 142
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to balance the wide strain sensing range and high sensitivity of smart wearable flexible sensors, a ribbon fiber with a dual conductive network structure was prepared as a flexible strain/temperature sensor in one step by using a wet coaxial spinning method. The carbon nanotubes in the core axis diffuse into the polyurethane in the sheath axis during the non-solvent phase separation process, leading to the formation of a conductive network of carbon nanotubes embedded in the polyurethane, which constitutes a dual conductive network with the carbon nanotubes conductive layer in the core axis, and the polyurethane as the sheath axis to provide stretchability and protection. This dual conductive structure achieves low initial resistance (387 Ω), wide strain sensing range (sensing ε=425%), and high sensitivity (ε = 0%-200%, GF=208.8; ε = 200%-425%, GF=1359.2), and it can also keep the relative resistance as a flexible sensor basically unchanged after 12,500 repetitions at 0%-20% strain. It can also be used as a flexible sensor to keep the relative resistance almost unchanged after 12500 repetitions at 0% to 20% strain. In addition, the flexible sensor also has temperature sensing function (TCR=-0.240 %/°C) and corrosion and water washing resistance, which has a wide range of prospects in the field of smart wearable devices.关键词：Flexible sensor;Dual conductive network;Wide strain sensing range;High sensitivity;Temperature sensing
- 491
- |
- 286
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：A series of large-ring metal coordination catalysts with manganese(Ⅲ) as the axial ligand and alkali metal(Ⅰ) as the core were synthesized in this experiment, and their structures were characterized in detail by matrix assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) and elemental analysis. These catalysts can catalyze the polymerization of propylene glycolide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) in the presence of cyclohexane oxide (CHO). We screened and optimized different alkali metal ions to ensure the best polymerization performance. The experimental results show that the introduction of alkali metal centers significantly improves the performance of the catalysts, far exceeding that of mononuclear Schiff base manganese catalysts. The steric hindrance effect of the amine bridge moiety of the catalyst on the reaction activity is also significant. We investigated the stereo-selectivity of the catalysts for monomers and conducted copolymerization studies using different LA isomers, finding that this catalyst is more prone to obtaining polymers with isotactic tendencies. The polymerization mechanism was further analyzed by using MALDI-TOF-MS spectrometer to analyze the end groups of the obtained PLA and assist in the study of the polymerization mechanism. Experimental studies show that the stereo-selectivity of the polymerization is achieved through a chain-end control mechanism.关键词：Heterodinuclear complex;Polylactic;Polycaprolactone;Ring-opening polymerization;Non-homogeneous catalysts
- 349
- |
- 177
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：To investigate the effective procedure for controlled polymer structure and thermal properties through radical polymerization, amylose derivatives were used as chiral additives to induce the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The effect of amylose derivatives on the structure and thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was subsequently explored. Four kinds of amylose derivatives were synthesized through carbamoylation, including amylose tri(4-chlorophenyl carbamate) (ACPC), amylose tri(phenylcarbamate) (ATPC), amylose tri(4-methylphenylcarbamate) (AMPC) and amylose tri(S-(-)-α-methylbenzyl carbamate) (ASMBC). The structures and degree of substitution of the amylose derivatives were characterized by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, demonstrating complete substitution and regular chiral helical structure of the obtained derivatives. The thermal stability of PMMA was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing a significant enhancement in the thermal stability of PMMA induced by amylose derivatives. Furthermore, the substituents properties of the derivatives and the polarity of the polymerization solvent significantly influenced the radical polymerization behavior of MMA. Both bulk polymerization and solution polymerization were effective in improving the thermal properties of PMMA, with the solution polymerization system utilizing non-polar octane as the solvent achieving the most significant improvement. Among the amylose derivatives, the para-methyl-substituted amylose derivatives (AMPC) demonstrated the most effective induction effect, which could increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset decomposition temperature (T0) of PMMA by 26 and 71 ℃, respectively. The induction mechanism of amylose derivatives was investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that MMA monomers could be arranged in order along the chiral helical cavity of the derivatives. This ordered arrangement can not only improve the structure order of polymer molecular chains, but also have a positive effect on its aggregation behavior, thereby achieving effective control of the thermal properties of PMMA. It suggests that the radical polymerization behavior and thermal properties of MMA can be effectively regulated by selecting appropriate helical polymers, offering a novel idea for exploring the controlled radical polymerization method of methacrylate monomers.关键词：Amylose derivatives;Poly(methyl methacrylate);Thermal stability;Free radical polymerization
- 309
- |
- 160
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Controlled radical polymerization has aroused considerable attentions during the past decades due to its ability to adjust the polymer chain structure such as molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition, and topology. Transition metals compounds such as copper, iron, ruthenium, nickel, etc have been extensively explored. While the effect of the auxiliary ligands on the polymerization behaviour was rarely investigated. Especially for titanium complexes, only metallocene titanium chloride Cp2TiCl2 was examined under the reduction by Zinc. Herein, the binary systems composed by constrain geometry construction trivalent titanium complex (1) and 1-bromo-1-phenylethane (I1), (2-bromo-2-propanyl)benzene (I2) and 1-iodo-1-phenylethane (I3), respectively, were employed to catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The influence of initiators on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution was assayed. The kinetic study of MMA polymerization initiated by 1/I1 indicated linear relationship between MMA conversion and polymerization time, suggesting zero order dependent on MMA concentration. While with the increase of monomer conversion, the molecular weights of the afforded polymers have no obvious change. In addition, with the increase of the ratio of MMA to I1 while keeping the MMA concentration as constant, the molecular weight of the corresponding polymer increased despite the MMA conversion decreased. Meanwhile, with the decrease of the polymerization temperature, the molecular weight of the afforded polymer increased. These results suggested that the polymerization performed in slow initiation, fast propagation. This is consistent with the typical radical polymerization mechanism, but different from those of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and organometallic mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) which are mediated by organometallic complexes. The above results indicated that the auxiliary ligand has a significantly effect on a radical polymerization process.bromo-2-propanyl)benzene (I2) and 1-iodo-1-phenylethane (I3), respectively, was employed to catalyze radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The influence of initiator on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution was assayed. The kinetic study of MMA polymerization initiated by 1/I1 was carried out. The influence of reaction conditions, such as the ratio of MMA to 1, temperature, was also investigated. Combined with the results of monitoring the reaction between 1 and I1 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the mechanism was proposed.关键词：Radical polymerization;Trivalent titanium complex;Methyl methacrylate
- 370
- |
- 168
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Incorporating ultra-low loading of nanoparticles into polymer matrices can simultaneously improve the dielectric constant and breakdown strength, thereby significantly increasing the capacitance energy storage density of polymer nanocomposites and miniaturing electronics and devices. However, there are still a series of tough issues to be dealt with, such as the use of organic solvents in the current solution blending, which face enormous challenges in scalable preparation and application of the polymer nanocomposites. Here, a dual in situ synthesis strategy is proposed, namely the polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) synchronizes with the growth of calcium borate nanoparticles. In particular, 0.2 wt% calcium borate nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the PET matrix without any solvent, and rich compatibility of the interfaces occurs. The dielectric constant reaches 4.91 and the maximum energy storage density is up to 10.69 J/cm3, which is 1.94 times that of neat PET. The unique dual in situ synthesis strategy tends to be extended to the scalable fabrication of polyester nanocomposites filled with a variety of borates, which paves a way for exploring electrical energy storage and other applications of polyester nanocomposites.关键词：Dual in situ synthesis;Ultra-low filled;Dielectric properties;Energy storage density
- 310
- |
- 244
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：The addition of inorganic fillers has been deemed as an effective strategy for reducing the mold shrinkage of polypropylene (PP). However, the current understanding on the underlying mechanisms is still unclear. In this work, taking talc filled isotactic PP (i-PP) as an example, the effect and mechanisms of inorganic particles on the linear shrinkage of injection-molded i-PP products were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results indicate that, at low contents (<6 vol%) of talc, the linear shrinkage of the injection-molded products in both in-plane (i.e., along the machine direction MD and transverse direction TD) and out-of-plane directions (i.e., along the thickness direction ND) is found to decrease linearly with increasing talc content, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. However, at high contents (>6 vol%) of talc, the change trend of the linear shrinkage deviates significantly from the theoretical curves. The in-plane shrinkage decreases remarkably, while the out-of-plane shrinkage remains almost unchanged. Further analysis indicates that the talc plates in the injection-molded products show a strong tendency to align along the MD-TD plane and induce the growth of i-PP lamellae perpendicular to their surfaces. Accordingly, the dense talc network promotes the formation of highly oriented i-PP lamellae perpendicular to the MD-TD plane, ultimately leading to a much lower in-plane linear shrinkage but a higher out-of-plane shrinkage as compared to the theoretical values. Achieving low in-plane linear shrinkage is particularly beneficial for the development of large-sized thin-walled products. Our work not only breaks through the current knowledge (the shrinkage of composites is decreased based on the increased volume fraction of fillers) and gives a new insight on the role of the filler-induced orientation crystallization in tailoring the shrinkage of PP products, but also provides a solution for the development of low-shrinkage PP materials.关键词：Polypropylene;Shrinkage;Crystallization
- 683
- |
- 230
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) are a kind of latent heat/cold energy storage materials and play key role in fields like new energy development, cold chain temperature control and healthcare. Lots of expensive chemicals have been investigated as phase change materials (PCMs) for FSPCMs, however, the application of water, a very cheap and abondance material in our planet, as a phase change cold energy storage material for FSPCMs is neglected. Herein, a kind of hydrogel based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) was prepared at first, and then novel FSPCMs with high latent cold energy storage capacity were obtained by solving the problem of water leakage in the hydrogel through simple surface freeze drying. The latent cold energy storage capacity of the obtained hydrogel-based FSPCMs attained 237 J/g, and the water in the FSPCMs would not volatilize when the temperature was not higher than 50 ℃. The FSPCMs also exhibited excellent anti-leakage performance even it was heavily pressed. Meanwhile, the FSPCMs possessed good long-term thermal reliability and its latent cold storage performance has not changed after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. The FSPCMs also had good temperature control and shaping properties, making it applicable to cold storage, cold chain temperature control, cold compress and other fields. In addition, in order to fully utilize the high porosity of dried hydrogel, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) were applied to enhance the stability of the hydrogel skeleton with the largest water content, and a novel supporting material with high porosity was obtained by freeze-drying. Then, erythritol (ET) and PEG2000, two water-soluble PCMs, were selected as representatives, and two types of FSPCMs were prepared by melting impregnation. Both types of FSPCMs possessed very high content of PCMs and very high latent heat storage capacity, which proved that polymer network skeletons of hydrogels were perfect supporting materials for FSPCMs. Consequently, the results obtained in this study have important value for promoting the application of hydrogel itself and hydrogel materials in the fields of heat energy storage and temperature control.关键词：Hydrogel;Form-stable phase change materials;Phase change temperature control;Cold storage;Supporting materials
- 572
- |
- 386
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：Combining features of liquid crystal polyester (LCP) and benzocyclobutene (BCB), two BCB-containing compounds, 2-(dicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1,3,5-triene-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diketone (BCB-HP) and 2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2-(dicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1,3,5-triene-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-5-carboxylic acid (BCB-CP), were designed and prepared as terminal capping compounds for LCP synthesis. Liquid crystal polyesterimides (LCPEIs) were synthesized by solution condensation copolymerization of the phenolic BCB-HP, the carboxylic BCB-CP, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA), along with N-(3-carboxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyphthalimide (3-CHP), in the presence of esterification reagents and conditions, diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP), LiCl and pyridine at room to reflux temperature, and subsequent methanol precipitation and drying as fine powder. Films of LCPEI-22/44-BCB (with 22 mol%/44 mol% 3-CHP) were generated by hot-pressing and curing procedures, and the curing temperature is around 270 ℃, which is favorably lower than those of 3-ethynylaniline (3-EA, 310 ℃) and 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA, 370 ℃), two alkyne-type thermal reactive terminal groups used in literature. These BCB-type LCPEIs have good thermal stabilities (Td,5% = 416.7-454.8 ℃) in thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen gas. Compared with the commercially available Vectra A950 LCP and non-BCB-containing LCPEI-22/44, LCPEI-22/44-BCB have better solubility (4/1 V/V chloroform-pentafluorophenol), lower melting temperature (Tm, 200 ℃), higher glass transition temperature (Tg= 149-167 ℃), and lower isotropic temperature (Ti, 350 ℃), indicating processing convenience and application potential. Compared to LCPEI-22, film of LCPEI-22-BCB has a favorably lower linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE, 41.13 versus 73.29×10-6 K-1), a higher storage modulus (E', 3.48 versus 0.53 GPa), higher elastic modulus (Er, 10.83 versus 9.40 GPa), and higher hardness (H, 0.66 versus 0.58 GPa). Film of LCPEI-22-BCB also has better hydrophobicity with increased water contact angle (124.7° versus 114.3°). Film of LCPEI-22-BCB exhibits good and comparable low dielectric constant (Dk=3.364) and excellent low dielectric loss (Df=0.0019) at 10 GHz high frequency and room temperature. Merits of the above features would make the BCB-type LCPEIs promising materials for flexible copper clad laminates.关键词：Liquid crystal polyester;Polyesterimide;Benzocyclobutene;Low dielectric constant
- 335
- |
- 346
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26 - 摘要：The self-consistent field theory (SCFT) is employed to study the self-assembly behavior of AB diblock copolymers confined in alternately adsorbed nanopores. Focusing on the emergence and stability of the disk (Dk) phases, a series of phase diagrams are constructed with respect to the alternating adsorption period (w), size of the cylindrical pore (D), and the volume fraction of the A block (f). The results indicate a significant enhanced stability of Dk structure by the alternately adsorbing surface fields. The Dk structure is especially favored, when the alternating adsorption period is around 5.0Rg. With fixed w = 5.0Rg, the appearance of the Dk structure is tuned by D and f, it forms biconcave shape with negative curvatures within a certain varying ranges of D and f, otherwise it transforms into ellipsoidal or toroid shapes. Additionally, a number of novel cylinders and regularly arranged spheres emerged in the nanopores with specific surface fields. The results deepen the understanding of self-assembly behavior of block copolymers under cylindrical confinements, and provide theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of such complex structures.关键词：Block copolymers;Self-assembly;Cylindrical confinement;Surface field induction;Self-consistent field theory (SCFT)
- 483
- |
- 126
- |
- 0
发布时间：2024-11-26
Research Article
- Postal code：100190
- Tel：010-62588927 Email：gfzxb@iccas.ac.cn
- Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 京ICP备05002797号-8
京公网安备11010802024621 - It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
- Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
0