Actuation Mechanisms and External Load-free Actuation of Artificial Muscle Materials Built on Dynamic Coordination Bonds and Mechanical Training Process

Zhi-kai Tu; Xiao-yan Wang; Shuang-quan Liao; Yan-chan Wei; Wei-feng Liu; Hong-ming Lou; Xue-qing Qiu; Yan-chao Zhao

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25251

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Actuation Mechanisms and External Load-free Actuation of Artificial Muscle Materials Built on Dynamic Coordination Bonds and Mechanical Training Process

Research Article | 更新时间：2026-05-08

- Actuation Mechanisms and External Load-free Actuation of Artificial Muscle Materials Built on Dynamic Coordination Bonds and Mechanical Training Process
  增强出版
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 57, Issue 3, Pages: 684-694(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.海南大学热带岛屿资源先进材料教育部重点实验海口 570228
  2.华南理工大学化学与化工学院先进造纸与纸基材料全国重点实验室广州 510640
  3.广东工业大学轻工化工学院广州 510006
  4.彤程化学(中国)有限公司上海 201507
- 作者简介：
  
  Wei-feng Liu, E-mail: weifengliu@scut.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25251
  CLC：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7517
- Received：26 September 2025，
  
  Accepted：12 November 2025，
  
  Online First：26 December 2025，
  
  Published：20 March 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
涂志凯, 王肖艳, 廖双泉, 韦燕婵, 刘伟峰, 楼宏铭, 邱学青, 赵燕超. 基于动态配位键和机械训练制备人工肌肉材料的驱动机制及无外力驱动研究. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(3), 684-694.

Tu, Z. K.; Wang, X. Y.; Liao, S. Q.; Wei, Y. C.; Liu, W. F.; Lou, H. M.; Qiu, X. Q.; Zhao, Y. C. Actuation mechanisms and external load-free actuation of artificial muscle materials built on dynamic coordination bonds and mechanical training process. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(3), 684-694.
涂志凯, 王肖艳, 廖双泉, 韦燕婵, 刘伟峰, 楼宏铭, 邱学青, 赵燕超. 基于动态配位键和机械训练制备人工肌肉材料的驱动机制及无外力驱动研究. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(3), 684-694. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25251. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7517.

Tu, Z. K.; Wang, X. Y.; Liao, S. Q.; Wei, Y. C.; Liu, W. F.; Lou, H. M.; Qiu, X. Q.; Zhao, Y. C. Actuation mechanisms and external load-free actuation of artificial muscle materials built on dynamic coordination bonds and mechanical training process. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(3), 684-694. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25251. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7517.

摘要

本研究利用甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)和木质素在三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)中构建动态配位键交联网络，并利用机械训练促进材料中的配位键断裂重构，成功制备高性能木质素/EPDM仿生人工肌肉材料，并系统研究其驱动机理及无外力驱动性能. 研究结果表明，机械训练能促进动态配位键的断裂与重构，从而有效稳定分子链网络的取向结构. 该取向结构赋予材料1.5 MPa的驱动应力和超过41%的可逆驱动应变，同时显著提高驱动响应灵敏度. 在此基础上，通过内置弹簧或2根材料交替加热刺激产生内应力，实现了无外应力条件下可逆驱动. 由于木质素能赋予材料优异的光热转换性能，材料能够通过局部光热效应产生向光面和背光面的内应力差异，从而实现无外力远程弯曲驱动. 该研究阐明了动态配位键与机械训练协同增强驱动性能的机制，为开发新一代无外力依赖的智能驱动器件提供了理论与材料基础.

Abstract

This study aims to study the actuation mechanisms and external load-free actuation for high-performance biomimetic artificial muscle material. Zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) and lignin were incorporated into ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) matrix to construct dynamic coordination crosslinking network

followed by the rearrangement of dynamic coordination crosslinking network through mechanical training process. Through this strategy

high-performance lignin/EPDM biomimetic artificial muscle material was successfully prepared

whose actuation mechanism and external load-free performance were systematically investigated. The results indicated that

a certain part of chain orientation was stabilized by the newly generated dynamic coordination bonds after mechanical training. This oriented structure not only endowed the material with an actuation stress of 1.5 MPa and a reversible actuation strain exceeding 41%

but also significantly enhanced its actuation response sensitivity. Furthermore

reversible motion was achieved without external load through either built-in springs or internal stress generated by alternating thermal stimulation of dual-material structures. Additionally

Due to the excellent photothermal conversion capability imparted by lignin

the material could generate an asymmetric internal stress distribution between the illuminated and shaded regions through localized photothermal effects

thereby enabling remote-controlled bending actuation without external load. This study elucidated the mechanism by which dynamic coordination bonds and mechanical training synergistically enhance actuation performance

providing a theoretical and material basis for developing a new generation of smart actuators independent of external loads.

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Keywords

references

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