By the synthetic method of chemical oxidative polymerization

conducting polyaniline (PANI) doped with vanadium-containing molybdicacid (HPA) had been prepared by template synthesis within porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO).The porous anodic aluminum oxide membranes were immersed in the aniline monomer solution

and a vacuum was kept until no air bubble gave off in the AAO templates;in this case

the template channels were full of the aniline monomer

the HPA solution was dropped into aniline solution

and reaction was initiated inside the channels to form one-dimensional nanostructures PANI.The nanowires of the PANI were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)

the X-ray diffraction (XRD)

the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The XRD and FT-IR spectra analysis provides evidence for the HPA/PANI that the PANI could be effectively doped by the HPA

and the HPA existed with molecular state in the materials

and the materials are of non-crystalline structure.The surface morphology of the HPA/PANI nanowire arrays was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The SEM and TEM information show that the PANI nanowires are about 80 nm in diameter.Furthermore

the thermal stability and the conductivity of doped PANI were also determined.The materials have three steps in the thermal analysis

losing adsorbed water process

losing crystalline water of the HPA structure and continous decomposition process of the PANI structure and HPA structure decomposition process.The conductivity of the HPA/PANI was determined to be 16.2 S·cm-1.In the polymerization process

the HPA not only acts as protonic acid

but also oxidant and dopant.The polymerization follows a radical mechanism:In the first the aniline is protonated by HPA

and then HPA further oxidates aniline cationic radicals.The aniline is induced to generate the quinoid dimine cationic radicals and bensoid cationic radicals

the formation of the PANI long chain results from coupling of two cationic radicals.The electron transfers from benzenoid ring segments to quinoid ring segments and further fabricates the model structure of tetracyclic anamorphosis of the benzenoid-type and quinoid-type in the chain structure of the PANI.The doping reaction undergoes in two steps

formation of the quinoid dimine cationic and their coupling with bensoid cationic radicals.