ZENG Liqiang, LI Yuzhen, XU Jingkun, LE Zhanggao, WANG Baoshan, MA Mulin. EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION OF ORTHO-DISUBSTITUTED BENZENE. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica (3):209-215(2009)
DOI:
ZENG Liqiang, LI Yuzhen, XU Jingkun, LE Zhanggao, WANG Baoshan, MA Mulin. EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION OF ORTHO-DISUBSTITUTED BENZENE. [J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica (3):209-215(2009) DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1105.2009.00209.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION OF ORTHO-DISUBSTITUTED BENZENE
The electrochemical polymerizations of a series of ortho-disubstituted benzenes were investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. The results indicated that o-dihydroxybenzene (oHDB)
o-dimethoxybenzene (oDMOB) and 1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (HMOB) in pure boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) can be succefully electropolymerized. The 1H
13C-NMR spectra of these monomers and their corresponding polymers proved that the polymerization occurred mainly at C4 and C5 positions. However the others such as o-xylene
1
2benzenedithiol
1
2-dibromobenzene
1
2-dichlorobenzene
1
2-dicyanobenzene and 1
2-dinitrobenzene can not be electropolymerized under similar conditions. These intrinsic characteristics have been revealed by the experimental investigation on these o-disubstituted benzenes together with the theoretical calculations. The cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to determine oxidation potential onset of the monomers. Optimizing the ground-state geometries of the monomer and the radical cation of HOMO
LUMO and electron spin density were calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/631G(d
p) level. From the experimental point of view
the oxidation potential onset of the monomer is not the control factor for the electropolymerization. According to theoretical studies
the monomers substituted by electrondonating groups have more negative electronics than the monomers substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. These monomerso-DHB
oDMOB and HMOB with negative electronic charges of (C4
C5) ca. -0.093~-0.103 can be electropolymerized in BFEE. The others with the electronic changes of (C4
C5) ca. -0.078~-0.085 cannot be electropolymerized in the same media. Therefore
we can extrapolate that the negative electronic of reaction site maybe has a critical value (probobly≈|0.09|)
which is one of the condition for electropolymerization of the monomer. From the frontier molecule orbitals theory
the reactions between the active molecules mainly happens on the highest frontier electron density involving the two frontier orbitals having the smallest energy gap and obey orbital symmetry rules. Therefore
the orbital symmetry of HOMO and LUMO of the polymerization site should be matching. oHDB
oDMOB
and HMOB via α-HOMO and β-LUMO interaction having the smallest energy gap are satisfied with symmetry rules
they can be electrochemically polymerized. Whereas the others such as o-xylene
1
2-dibromobenzene
1
2-dichlorobenzene
1
2-dicyanobenzene and 1
2-dinitrobenzene via β-HOMO and α-LUMO interaction having the smallest energy were antisymmetrical
which cannot be electropolymerized. Therefore
the HOMO-LUMO orbital symmetry matching is another condition for the electrochemical polymerization of o-disubstituted benzenes.