Controllable Fabrication of Bentonite-based Hydrogel Adhesive for High-durability Conservation of Sandstone-based Cultural Heritage

Cheng-yu Shi; Ying Zhou; Chun-yu Zhao; Shao Yang; Ling He; Ai-zhao Pan

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23251

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Controllable Fabrication of Bentonite-based Hydrogel Adhesive for High-durability Conservation of Sandstone-based Cultural Heritage

Research Article | 更新时间：2024-04-16

- Controllable Fabrication of Bentonite-based Hydrogel Adhesive for High-durability Conservation of Sandstone-based Cultural Heritage
- Acta Polymerica Sinica Vol. 55, Issue 4, Pages: 462-472(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学化学学院西安 710000
- 作者简介：
  
  Ai-zhao Pan, E-mail: panaizhao2017032@xjtu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23251
  CLC：
- Published：20 April 2024，
  
  Published Online：04 February 2024，
  
  Received：23 October 2023，
  
  Accepted：19 December 2023
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史承钰, 周莹, 赵纯浴, 杨梢, 和玲, 潘爱钊. 膨润土基水凝胶黏合剂的可控构筑及其对砂岩质文物的长效保护应用研究. 高分子学报, 2024, 55(4), 462-472

Shi, C. Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao C. Y.; Yang, S.; He, L.; Pan, A. Z. Controllable fabrication of bentonite-based hydrogel adhesive for high-durability conservation of sandstone-based cultural heritage. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2024, 55(4), 462-472
史承钰, 周莹, 赵纯浴, 杨梢, 和玲, 潘爱钊. 膨润土基水凝胶黏合剂的可控构筑及其对砂岩质文物的长效保护应用研究. 高分子学报, 2024, 55(4), 462-472 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23251.

Shi, C. Y.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao C. Y.; Yang, S.; He, L.; Pan, A. Z. Controllable fabrication of bentonite-based hydrogel adhesive for high-durability conservation of sandstone-based cultural heritage. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2024, 55(4), 462-472 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2023.23251.

摘要

将改性膨润土引入到丙烯酰胺基水凝胶体系中，通过控制组分比例、温度和反应时间等因素，成功构筑了粘接修复型膨润土基水凝胶(AR-gel)材料，并实现了对破损和断裂的砂岩文物的高效修复. AR-gel中膨润土的存在提高了其与砂岩文物之间的兼容性，展现出了极好的粘接性，且粘接修复完整的文物接缝处无明显粘接痕迹，无泛白变色现象，不影响被粘接文物的整体美观；同时，粘接过程中的溢胶，可用水轻易去除.修复过后的砂岩形貌与性能与砂岩对照样品基本一致，表明了AR-gel高粘接性能的同时，不会对砂岩基体造成二次破坏. 通过严苛的冻融老化循环和盐结晶湿热循环老化试验验证了该AR-gel材料对砂岩的耐久性粘接保护，并分析了保护机理：砂岩与AR-gel间通过强氢键、Si－O－Si键、Si－O－M键、质子化和离子键、机械咬合等作用牢固结合在一起. 此外，AR-gel对玻璃、金属、砂岩、陶瓷和陶器等各种材质的文物均具有极好的粘接性能. 本研究工作为开发耐久性文物粘接修复保护材料提供了新方法和新思路.

Abstract

Hydrogels present broad application prospects in the field of conservation of cultural heritage due to their strong adhesion

high transparency

high flexibility and controllable mechanical strength. In this study

a novel bentonite-based hydrogel (AR-gel) material for efficient adhesive conservation of the damaged and fractured sandstone-based cultural heritage was fabricated

via

introducing functionalized bentonite into the acrylamide-based hydrogel

and the components

forming temperature and time were optimized. The bentonite-based hydrogel improved the compatibility with sandstones

and presented excellent adhesion without any obvious trace at the adhesion joints. While

the adhesive on sandstones kept primary state without white or discoloration

which further indicated its non-destructive bonding protection. In addition

the overflow during the bonding process can be easily removed with water without any trace. The morphology and properties of the repaired sandstone can keep consistent with primary sandstones

which avoid the secondary damage to the sandstones during the adhesion process. The high-durability conservation of AR-gel material on sandstone was verified by severe freezing and thawing aging cycle and salt crystallization-wet/heat cycle aging test

and the high-durability conservation mechanism was deeply analyzed: sandstone and AR-gel were firmly bonded by strong hydrogen bond

Si－O－Si bond

Si－O－M bond

protonation and ionic bond

mechanical bite

and so on. Besides

AR-gel presented excellent bonding properties for various types of cultural relics

such as glass

metal

sandstone

ceramics

and pottery. The development of this work was expected to provide a durable cultural relic bonding conservation material with wide application prospects.

关键词

膨润土水凝胶文物粘接修复长效保护粘接普适性

Keywords

BentoniteHydrogelAdhesive restoration of cultural relicsLong-term protectionAdhesion universality

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