Nanoparticles (NPs) that are capable to convert near-infrared (NIR) irradiation into thermal energy have been demonstrated as the robust media for tumour curing. In this scenario

the photothermal performance of NPs greatly depends on their size

morphology

surface property

as well as the self-assembly architectures. Therefore

the practical applications of photothermal NPs in cancer therapy are determined by the technique progresses of nano-fabrications and multi-functional integration. In this scenario

the photothermal performance of NPs greatly depends on their size

morphology

surface property

as well as the self-assembly architectures. Therefore

the practical applications of photothermal NPs in cancer therapy are determined by the technique progresses of nano-fabrications and multi-functional integration. In this article

we summary a series of methods to enhance NP photothermal performance

such as control preparation of nanostructures

directing NPs self-assembly into specific architectures

and further photothermal polymer coating. The combination of these issues ensures the improvement of photothermal performance

colloidal and physiological stability

as well as biocompatibility.