环氧单体的有机/无金属催化开环聚合与共聚

陈烨; 刘珊; 赵俊鹏

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20088

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环氧单体的有机/无金属催化开环聚合与共聚

专论 | 更新时间：2021-01-26

- 环氧单体的有机/无金属催化开环聚合与共聚
- Organocatalytic/Metal-free Ring-opening Polymerization and Copolymerization of Epoxides
- 高分子学报 2020年51卷第10期页码：1067-1082
- 作者机构：
  
  华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院　广州 510640
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "赵俊鹏，男，1983年生. 2005和2010年于中国科学技术大学分别获得学士和博士学位，导师为张广照教授；其中2007 ~ 2009年在希腊国家研究院博士联合培养(导师为Stergios Pispas教授). 先后在德国马普胶体与界面研究所(2011 ~ 2012年，导师为Markus Antonietti教授和Helmut Schlaad教授)和沙特阿卜杜拉国王科技大学(2012 ~ 2014年，导师为Nikos Hadjichristidis教授)从事博士后研究. 2015年至今任华南理工大学教授. 主要研究方向为高分子合成方法学，重点为阴离子聚合和有机小分子/无金属催化聚合，以及基于有机小分子/无金属催化的高分子结构构筑和功能化策略" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 21674038，21734004，21971075)资助项目
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20088
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2020-9-1，
  
  网络出版日期：2020-7-16，
  
  收稿日期：2020-3-27，
  
  修回日期：2020-4-26，
扫描看全文
陈烨, 刘珊, 赵俊鹏. 环氧单体的有机/无金属催化开环聚合与共聚[J]. 高分子学报, 2020,51(10):1067-1082.

Ye Chen, Shan Liu, Jun-peng Zhao. Organocatalytic/Metal-free Ring-opening Polymerization and Copolymerization of Epoxides[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2020,51(10):1067-1082.
陈烨, 刘珊, 赵俊鹏. 环氧单体的有机/无金属催化开环聚合与共聚[J]. 高分子学报, 2020,51(10):1067-1082. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20088.

Ye Chen, Shan Liu, Jun-peng Zhao. Organocatalytic/Metal-free Ring-opening Polymerization and Copolymerization of Epoxides[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2020,51(10):1067-1082. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2020.20088.

摘要

环氧化合物是高分子合成的基本原料和单体类型. 以环氧的开环反应为基础构建的杂链聚合物在性能上是碳链(烯烃类)聚合物的重要补充，在科学研究和国计民生的诸多领域具有广泛用途. 21世纪初以来，有机/无金属催化聚合获得了前所未有的快速发展，为环氧基聚合反应注入了新的活力. 尤其是近年来，Lewis酸碱型双组分无金属催化体系在该类聚合反应中展现出优异的催化效率和选择性，并且在环氧基高分子合成的简便化、绿色化、序列控制等方面实现了较大突破. 本文将介绍有机/无金属催化的环氧基聚合反应研究近况，主要包括环氧单体的均聚反应，环氧与非环氧类单体的无规、嵌段和交替共聚反应，以及基于环氧与环状酸酐交替共聚的一步法序列选择性嵌段共聚反应.

Abstract

Epoxide represents a major family of raw materials and monomers for heterochain polymers that have shown great utilities in academia

industry

and everyday lives. Typically

mega tons of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are consumed annually

producing polyethers in the forms of homopolymers

statistical copolymers

block copolymers

etc

. Therefore

ring-opening (co)polymerization (ROP/ROCP) of epoxides and copolymerization of epoxides with non-epoxide (heterogenous) monomers have long been one critical topic in synthetic polymer chemistry. Since the beginning of 21

century

organocatalytic/metal-free polymerization has been a fast growing area of research

which has vigorously spurred on the long-established field of epoxide (co)polymerization. Strong organobases including phosphazene bases

-heterocyclic carbenes

and

-heterocyclic olefins constituted the first group of organocatalyst used to promote alcohol-initiated (oxy)anionic ROP of epoxides. In addition to controlling the molar mass and end-group functionality of polyethers

such endeavors also led to a series of new strategies

such as “catalyst switch”

for facile construction of epoxide-based heterogeneous copolymer structures. Mild non-nucleophilic organobases next stood out

showing good selectivity and control for epoxide-based alternating ROCP

due to a self-buffering mechanism based on proton shuttling between chain end and catalyst. The simple organobase also exhibited the capability in one-step synthesis of block copolyesters by sequence-selective terpolymerization of epoxide

cyclic anhydride

and cyclic ester that had been a filed long dominated by metallic catalysts. It was of great interests that some side reactions associated with organobases

such as macromolecular transesterification and oxygen-sulfur exchange

could be ingeniously utilized to develop new polymerization reactions and polymer synthesis methods. In very recent years

acid-base type two-component catalytic systems comprising a relatively mild organobase and a organoboron compound or a

-disubstituted (thio)urea have been prevailing because of the distinctly enhanced catalytic efficiency and chemoselectivity. In particular

organobase-triethylborane catalytic system showed strict selectivity for epoxide ROP over transesterification

which was attributed to a double-alkylborane-coordinated activated chain end mechanism. Therefore

a few long-standing challenges were well addressed

such as sequence-reversible block copolymerization of epoxide and cyclic ester

one-step synthesis of polyether monoester using carboxy initiators

etc

. The above-mentioned achievements and insights

among others

will be summarized.

关键词

环氧化合物开环聚合共聚反应有机催化聚合无金属聚合

Keywords

EpoxideRing-opening polymerizationCopolymerizationOrganocatalytic polymerizationMetal-free polymerization

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