“基因式”创制DNA功能材料

董宇航; 韩金鹏; 仰大勇

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21130

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“基因式”创制DNA功能材料

专论 | 更新时间：2022-07-08

- “基因式”创制DNA功能材料
- "Gene-like" Construction of DNA Functional Materials
- 高分子学报 2021年52卷第11期页码：1441-1458
- 作者机构：
  
  天津大学化工学院教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心系统生物工程教育部重点实验室天津 300350
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "仰大勇，男，1979年生. 天津大学化工学院教授. 2002年在华中科技大学取得学士学位；2005年在华中科技大学取得硕士学位，师从解孝林教授；2008年在中国科学院国家纳米科学中心取得博士学位，师从蒋兴宇研究员. 先后在美国康奈尔大学(合作导师：罗丹教授)和荷兰奈梅亨大学(合作导师：Wilhelm T. S. Huck)从事博士后研究. 2015年开始在天津大学化工学院工作. 课题组研究方向：材料化学与生物医学的交叉领域，聚焦DNA材料合成与智能制造，利用材料化学的手段理解生命系统运行机制，探索重大疾病的诊断治疗新途径." ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣21621004;21575101);21622404┫
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21130
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2021-11-20，
  
  网络出版日期：2021-07-26，
  
  收稿日期：2021-05-03，
  
  修回日期：2021-06-02，
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董宇航,韩金鹏,仰大勇.“基因式”创制DNA功能材料[J].高分子学报,2021,52(11):1441-1458.

Dong Yu-hang,Han Jin-peng,Yang Da-yong."Gene-like" Construction of DNA Functional Materials[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2021,52(11):1441-1458.
董宇航,韩金鹏,仰大勇.“基因式”创制DNA功能材料[J].高分子学报,2021,52(11):1441-1458. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21130.

Dong Yu-hang,Han Jin-peng,Yang Da-yong."Gene-like" Construction of DNA Functional Materials[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2021,52(11):1441-1458. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21130.

摘要

发展新的材料化学系统如建造大楼的“备料”阶段，是决定大楼品质的基石，是功能导向材料体系的分子基础. 实现功能导向的材料设计、合成与过程的精准控制是材料化学领域发展的重要挑战. 在高分子科学中，让高分子像“基因”一样精准控制单体有序合成，完成信息传递和功能定制，是实现高分子材料精准创制的有效策略，即“基因式”精准创制. 作为生命核心遗传物质，DNA分子自带生命基因属性，是可精准编码遗传信息的生物活性大分子，天然地符合材料“基因式”精准创制的构建原则. 本文作者结合自身的研究，评述DNA功能材料的“基因式”创制，主要介绍树枝状DNA和DNA水凝胶2种重要功能材料的构建策略，其中树枝状DNA功能材料的构建策略包括靶标聚合法、酶促延伸法和杂化耦合法，DNA水凝胶的主要构建策略包括模块组装法、酶促扩增法、酶促延伸法、链式杂交法和化学交联法；讨论了DNA功能性材料的分子组装原理和功能调控机制，DNA分子展现出在“基因式”功能化材料创制方面的独有优势，主要为单体的精准排列、结构的精准可控组装、序列信息的精准传递和功能的精准定制；总结了DNA材料“结构-功能-应用”贯通式研究的典型案例，主要集中于蛋白质生产、3D细胞培养、细胞界面工程和疾病治疗等生物医学领域. 期待DNA材料的不断发展能够促进形成一种高分子材料“基因式”创制的典型范式.

Abstract

Developing a new system of material chemistry is an important molecular foundation for the design and preparation of function-oriented materials. However

precisely controlling the design and synthesis processes of function-oriented materials is still a grand challenge in the field of material chemistry. In terms of polymer science

a major scientific issue is how to manipulate polymers as precisely as "genes" in living systems to control the precise synthesis of polymeric monomers

the precise transmission of sequence information

and the functionalized customization of polymeric materials

which is named as "gene-like" construction of functional polymeric materials. Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with its intrinsic genetic property has exhibited a variety of unique advantages for the "gene-like" construction of polymeric materials. As the central genetic matter of life system

DNA is a bioactive macromolecule with the capacity of encoding the genetic sequence information

which is favourable to the construction of function-oriented materials with living characteristics. This review summarizes the "gene-like" construction of DNA functional materials

mainly from our research group

focusing on the construction strategies of two DNA functional materials including branched DNA and DNA hydrogels. The construction strategies of branched DNA functional materials mainly include target-triggered polymerization

enzymatic extension and hybrid coupling

and the construction strategies of DNA hydrogels are categorized as module assembly

enzymatic amplification

enzymatic elongation

chain hybridization reaction and chemical crosslinking. The molecular assembly principles and functional regulation mechanisms were further disscussed. DNA molecule shows the unique advantages in the "gene-like" construction of functional materials

mainly including the precise arrangement of polymeric monomers

the controllable design and assembly of structure

the precise transmission of sequence information and function customization. Particularly

the sequence information of DNA endows the specific biological functions of DNA functional materials by regulating the order of polymeric monomers. Finally

we exemplify the typical cases of DNA functional materials based on "structure-function-application" research route

focusing on protein production

3D cell culture

cell interfacial engineering

disease treatment and other biomedical fields. It is expected that the flourishing development of DNA functional materials will open a new avenue and provide a feasible paradigm for the "gene-like" construction of functional polymeric materials.

关键词

DNA功能高分子DNA水凝胶树枝状DNADNA纳米技术“基因式”材料创制

Keywords

DNA functional polymerDNA hydrogelBranched DNADNA nanotechnology"Gene-like" construction of materials

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