光散射技术在高分子表征研究中的应用

郑萃; 刘芷君; 梁德海

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21184

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光散射技术在高分子表征研究中的应用

综述 (高分子表征技术专题) | 更新时间：2024-10-08

- 光散射技术在高分子表征研究中的应用
- Laser Light Scattering and Its Applications in Polymer Characterization
- 高分子学报 2022年53卷第1期页码：90-106
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国石化北京化工研究院北京 100013
  2.北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京 100871
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "梁德海，男，1971年生. 1994年获南开大学环境科学系理学学士，同年进入南开大学化学系攻读硕士. 2001年在美国纽约州立大学石溪分校获得理学博士学位，并留任博士后. 2006年加入北京大学化学与分子工程学院高分子科学与工程系，任副教授；2012年任教授. 2011年得到教育部新世纪优秀人才计划的支持，2015获得Elsevier第九届冯新德高分子奖最佳文章奖. 研究方向为高分子溶液物理，主要项目包括：基于生物大分子的非平衡态原始细胞模型的构筑及动态行为研究；多肽诱导脂质体膜内吞及外吐机理研究；大分子拥挤及限制作用的定量化研究." ]
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21184
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2022-01-20，
  
  网络出版日期：2021-11-20，
  
  收稿日期：2021-07-06，
  
  修回日期：2021-08-26，
- 稿件说明：
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郑萃,刘芷君,梁德海.光散射技术在高分子表征研究中的应用[J].高分子学报,2022,53(01):90-106.

Zheng Cui,Liu Zhi-jun,Liang De-hai.Laser Light Scattering and Its Applications in Polymer Characterization[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2022,53(01):90-106.
郑萃,刘芷君,梁德海.光散射技术在高分子表征研究中的应用[J].高分子学报,2022,53(01):90-106. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21184.

Zheng Cui,Liu Zhi-jun,Liang De-hai.Laser Light Scattering and Its Applications in Polymer Characterization[J].ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA,2022,53(01):90-106. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2021.21184.

摘要

光散射技术是高分子领域中重要的表征手段之一. 静态光散射和动态光散射的结合能够获得丰富的关于高分子的信息，如重均分子量、回转半径、第二维里系数、流体力学半径、尺寸分布、分子链构象等. 除合成高分子外，光散射技术同样适用于研究生物大分子、微生物、胶体、纳米粒子、病毒、囊泡等在溶液或悬浮液中的行为. 本综述重点介绍稀溶液中静态光散射和动态光散射的历史、基本理论和实验技巧. 对于浓溶液适用的交叉相关技术和扩散波谱技术以及固体光散射也做简要介绍. 为了帮助初学者更好地理解并掌握光散射技术，综述的最后介绍了4个应用实例：动、静态光散射相结合跟踪研究线团到密实球的转变过程，光散射确定超支化分子的标度关系，时间可分辨的光散射来剖析聚合诱导胶束化的机理，以及去偏振动态光散射研究纳米粒子在生物介质中的聚集行为.

Abstract

Laser light scattering (LLS)

which includes static light scattering (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS)

has been widely applied in characterization of polymer samples in dilute solutions. SLS measures the angular dependence of the excess scattered intensity

from which the weight average molecular weight

radius of gyration

and second viral coefficient are obtained. DLS measures the intensity-intensity time correlation functions

from which the hydrodynamic radius and size distribution are obtained. The combination of SLS and DLS enables information on chain conformation. Beside synthetic polymers

LLS is also suitable for the solutions and suspensions of biopolymers

microbial

colloids

nanoparticles

virus

and vesicles. The history

theory

and experimental techniques of SLS and DLS specific for dilute solutions are summarized. In recent years

the cross-correlation techniques

diffusing wave spectroscopy

and other related techniques have been developed to expand LLS to study samples in semi-dilute and even concentrated solutions. These techniques

as well as solid light scattering

are also briefly introduced in this review. In the last

we provide four typical examples of light scattering experiments: the coil-to-globule transition as studied by the combination of SLS and DLS

the scaling of hyperbranched polymers as determined by LLS

the polymerization-induced micellization process as monitored by time-resolved LLS

and the aggregation of nanoparticles in biological media as investigated by depolarized DLS.

关键词

光散射高分子表征分子量回转半径相关函数

Keywords

Laser light scatteringPolymer characterizationMolecular weightRadius of gyrationCorrelation function

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