高岭土改性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备与力学、阻尼及隔声性能

张欣蓓; 刘春红; 尚佳璐; 李晓东; 江皓; 邹美帅

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270

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高岭土改性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备与力学、阻尼及隔声性能

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-02-12

- 高岭土改性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备与力学、阻尼及隔声性能
- Preparation of Kaolin-modified Polyurethane Elastomer Composites and Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical, Damping, and Sound Insulation Properties
- 高分子学报 2026年页码：1-12
- 作者机构：
  
  北京理工大学材料学院北京 100080
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: jiangh@bit.edu.cn
  zoums@bit.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发项目(2024YFB3713001)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7542
- 收稿：2025-10-20，
  
  录用：2025-12-21，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-12，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张欣蓓, 刘春红, 尚佳璐, 李晓东, 江皓, 邹美帅. 高岭土改性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备与力学、阻尼及隔声性能. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270.

Zhang, X. B.; Liu, C. H.; Shang, J. L.; Li, X. D.; Jiang, H.; Zou, M. S. Preparation of kaolin-modified polyurethane elastomer composites and synergistic enhancement of mechanical, damping, and sound insulation properties. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270.
张欣蓓, 刘春红, 尚佳璐, 李晓东, 江皓, 邹美帅. 高岭土改性聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备与力学、阻尼及隔声性能. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7542.

Zhang, X. B.; Liu, C. H.; Shang, J. L.; Li, X. D.; Jiang, H.; Zou, M. S. Preparation of kaolin-modified polyurethane elastomer composites and synergistic enhancement of mechanical, damping, and sound insulation properties. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25270. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7542.

摘要

以半预聚体法为核心工艺，制备了一系列高岭土/聚氨酯弹性体复合材料，系统考察了高岭土含量及煅烧温度对材料力学、阻尼与隔声等性能的影响. 结果表明，未煅烧高岭土在添加量0.5 wt%时分散最均匀，使复合材料的力学性能较基体显著提升. 当填料含量升高至1 wt%，复合材料阻尼性能较基体提升明显. 声阻抗失配与增强阻尼的协同作用使隔声量在50~6400 Hz频率范围内整体提升，且高填料含量样品表现更为显著. 高岭土经600 ℃以上煅烧后转化为偏高岭土，与聚氨酯基体的相容性增强，其中800 ℃煅烧所得偏高岭土复合材料的氢键化指数增至2.33，拉伸强度保持在11.9 MPa，同时tan

达0.84，力学与阻尼性能达到综合最优. 综合分析，高岭土用量及煅烧温度的协同调控可显著提升聚氨酯弹性体的强韧性、阻尼与隔声性能，为轻质、高阻尼、高隔声结构减振材料的设计与制备提供了新的思路与技术路径.

Abstract

Using the semi-prepolymerization method as the core process

a series of kaolin/polyurethane elastomer composites were prepared. The effects of kaolin content and calcination temperature on the mechanical properties

damping

and sound insulation were systematically investigated. The results indicate that uncalcined kaolin exhibited optimal dispersion at a loading of 0.5 wt%

enhancing the mechanical performance of the composite relative to that of the neat matrix.. When the filler content increased to 1 wt%

the damping properties improved markedly. The synergistic effect of the acoustic impedance mismatch and enhanced damping led to an overall improvement in sound insulation across the 50-6400 Hz frequency range

with samples with higher filler content exhibiting more pronounced performance. Calcination above 600 ℃ converted kaolin into metakaolin and improved its compatibility with the polyurethane matrix. When treated at 800 ℃

the resulting metakaolin composite attained a hydrogen-bonding index of 2.33

maintained a tensile strength of 11.9 MPa

and reached a tan

value of 0.84

delivering the best overall synergy in mechanical and damping properties. A comprehensive analysis indicated that the synergistic control of kaolin content and calcination temperature significantly enhanced the strength

toughness

damping

and sound insulation properties of polyurethane elastomers. This provides new insights and technical pathways for designing and preparing lightweight

high-damping

and high-sound-insulation structural vibration-damping materials.

关键词

Keywords

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