高强度、耐低温压缩的聚氨酯弹性体的设计与性能

李嘉宇; 李敬喆; 苏明朋; 赵秀英; 王嘉栋; 秦璇; 张立群

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25275

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高强度、耐低温压缩的聚氨酯弹性体的设计与性能

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-03-20

- 高强度、耐低温压缩的聚氨酯弹性体的设计与性能
- Design and Performance of Polyurethane Elastomers with High Strength and Low-temperature Compression Resistance
- 高分子学报 2026年57卷第4期页码：856-867
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100029
  2.哈尔滨第一机械集团有限公司哈尔滨 150056
  3.西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院西安 710049
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: jiadongwang@buct.edu.cn
  qinxuan@mail.buct.edu.cn
  zhanglq@mail.buct.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JD2510)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25275
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7552
- 收稿：2025-12-13，
  
  录用：2026-01-13，
  
  网络首发：2026-02-28，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04-20
- 稿件说明：
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李嘉宇, 李敬喆, 苏明朋, 赵秀英, 王嘉栋, 秦璇, 张立群. 高强度、耐低温压缩的聚氨酯弹性体的设计与性能. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(4), 856-867.

Li, J. Y.; Li, J. Z.; Su, M. P.; Zhao, X. Y.; Wang, J. D.; Qin, X.; Zhang, L. Q. Design and performance of polyurethane elastomers with high strength and low-temperature compression resistance. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(4), 856-867.
李嘉宇, 李敬喆, 苏明朋, 赵秀英, 王嘉栋, 秦璇, 张立群. 高强度、耐低温压缩的聚氨酯弹性体的设计与性能. 高分子学报, 2026, 57(4), 856-867. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25275. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7552.

Li, J. Y.; Li, J. Z.; Su, M. P.; Zhao, X. Y.; Wang, J. D.; Qin, X.; Zhang, L. Q. Design and performance of polyurethane elastomers with high strength and low-temperature compression resistance. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2026, 57(4), 856-867. DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25275. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7552.

摘要

极地的严苛环境对科考设备的密封、运输与行走用弹性体材料的低温弹性与物理机械性能提出了极限挑战. 然而传统橡胶材料存在低玻璃化转变温度(

)、高压缩耐寒性能与高力学性能无法兼顾的问题. 本研究通过选择不同规整性的软段，制备了一系列

低于-50 ℃的聚氨酯弹性体(PU)，并通过探究PU分子结构与力学性能、压缩耐寒性能的关系，明晰了PU低温压缩回弹的机理. 研究表明，随着其软段规整性降低，PU的软段结晶能力减弱，拉伸强度降低；聚酯型软段PU分子间相互作用更强，容易形成紧密的硬相微区，拉伸强度提高；同时，低温压缩作用下，具有不规整软段的PU，其软段结晶度更低、软段结晶没有形成连续相，因此具有更好的压缩耐寒性能. 其中，PO3G-PU的

为-68.2 ℃，拉伸强度为44.0 MPa，-40 ℃压缩耐寒系数为0.632，-55 ℃压缩耐寒系数为0.459，均优于传统橡胶材料. 本研究为高强度、耐低温压缩的PU的设计与制备提供了新思路.

Abstract

The harsh polar environments pose extreme challenges to the low-temperature elasticity and physical-mech

anical properties of elastomer used for sealing

transportation

and mobility in scientific expedition equipment. However

traditional rubber materials face a trilemma in balancing a low glass transition temperature (

)

high compression resistance at low temperatures

and high mechanical properties. In this study

we prepared a series of polyurethane elastomers with

below -50 ℃ by selecting soft segments with different structural regularities. By investigating the relationship between the molecular structure of PU and their mechanical properties as well as compression resistance at low temperatures

the mechanism of low-temperature compression resilience of PU was elucidated. The results indicated that as the regularity of its soft segments decreased

the crystallization ability of the soft segments in polyurethane weakened

leading to a reduction in tensile strength. Polyurethane with polyester-based soft segments exhibited stronger intermolecular interactions

facilitating the formation of dense hard phase microdomains

thereby enhancing tensile strength. Simultaneously

under low-temperature compression

the PU with irregular soft segments exhibited superior cold compression resistance

due to their lower degree of soft segment crystallization. Among them

PO3G-PU demonstrated a

of -68.2 ℃

a tensile strength of 44.0 MPa

a compression resistance coefficient of 0.632 at -40 ℃

and 0.459 at -55 ℃

all of which surpassed traditional rubber materials. This study provides new insights for the design and preparation of high-strength

low-temperature compression-resistant PU.

关键词

Keywords

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