兼具高柔韧、高隔热的可编织核壳气凝胶纤维

高孟月; 郑俊杰; 张新海; 左伟伟; 成艳华; 朱美芳

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333

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兼具高柔韧、高隔热的可编织核壳气凝胶纤维

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-04-03

- 兼具高柔韧、高隔热的可编织核壳气凝胶纤维
- Highly Flexible and Thermally Insulating Weavable Core-Shell Aerogel Fibers
- 高分子学报 2026年页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
  
  东华大学材料科学与工程学院先进纤维材料全国重点实验室上海 201620
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: cyh@dhu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3701600);国家自然科学基金(基金号 52273031);“东华大学”杰出青年教授计划(LZA2024001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2232024Y-01;2232025G-07)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7566
- 收稿：2025-12-31，
  
  录用：2026-02-13，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-03，
- 稿件说明：
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高孟月, 郑俊杰, 张新海, 左伟伟, 成艳华, 朱美芳. 兼具高柔韧、高隔热的可编织核壳气凝胶纤维. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333.

Gao, M. Y.; Zheng, J. J.; Zhang, X. H.; Zuo, W. W.; Cheng, Y. H.; Zhu, M. F. Highly flexible and thermally insulating weavable core-shell aerogel fibers. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333.
高孟月, 郑俊杰, 张新海, 左伟伟, 成艳华, 朱美芳. 兼具高柔韧、高隔热的可编织核壳气凝胶纤维. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7566.

Gao, M. Y.; Zheng, J. J.; Zhang, X. H.; Zuo, W. W.; Cheng, Y. H.; Zhu, M. F. Highly flexible and thermally insulating weavable core-shell aerogel fibers. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.25333. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7566.

摘要

二氧化硅气凝胶因其极低的热导率而被公认为最具潜力的超级绝热材料之一，但其在纺织领域的应用长期受限于由脆性“项链式”结构和高孔隙率骨架导致的力学性能差、难以加工等问题. 同时，现有增韧策略往往以牺牲隔热性能为代价，力学与隔热性能难以兼顾. 为此，本研究提出并采用同轴湿法纺丝技术，成功制备出核壳结构气凝胶纤维. 该纤维以纳米多孔的聚甲基倍半硅氧烷气凝胶为核，赋予其优异的隔热性能；致密的弹性聚氨酯作为壳层，提供卓越的柔韧性和可拉伸性. 所得纤维断裂应变高达(670±23)%，断裂强度为(2.10±0.02) MPa，同时具备优异的隔热性能，室温热导率仅为(31.2±0.1) mW·m

-1

·K

-1

. 相同厚度下，气凝胶纤维织物的隔热性能优于羊绒织物，且面密度更低，展示出显著的轻量化隔热优势. 本研究提出的核壳结构设计，为协同提升气凝胶力学与隔热性能提供了新思路，对开发高性能隔热纺织品具有重要意义.

Abstract

Silica aerogels are among the most promising super-insulating materials owing to their extremely low thermal conductivity. However

their application in thermal insulating textil

es is severely restricted by the fragile "pearl-necklace-like" connections between building blocks and the highly porous skeleton

which result in intrinsic brittleness and poor processability. Moreover

a fundamental trade-off exists between mechanical flexibility and thermal insulation. Herein

a core-shell aerogel fiber is developed

via

coaxial wet spinning. In this design

nanoporous polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) aerogel skeleton serves as the core to ensure excellent thermal insulation

while a dense and elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) shell endows the fiber with outstanding flexibility and stretchability. The resulting fibers exhibit a high elongation at break of (670±23)% and a tensile strength of (2.10±0.02) MPa

whereas the corresponding woven textiles exhibit a low thermal conductivity of (31.2±0.1) mW·m

-1

·K

-1

. The woven aerogel textiles exhibit better warmth retention than cashmere at the same thickness

while displaying a lower surface density

indicating an advantage in lightweight thermal insulation. Overall

the core-shell structural design provides a new pathway to overcome the trade-off between mechanical robustness and thermal insulation in aerogels and provide new opportunities for next-generation high-performance thermal insulating textiles.

关键词

Keywords

references

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