基于复合纤维的仿神经自适应纳米流体离子限流器

杜华清; 闫子迪; 凌浩洋; 刘洋; 陈伟鹏; 孔祥玉; 闻利平

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022

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基于复合纤维的仿神经自适应纳米流体离子限流器

研究论文 | 更新时间：2026-04-03

- 基于复合纤维的仿神经自适应纳米流体离子限流器
- Bioinspired Adaptive Nanofluidic Ion Current Limiter Based on Composite Fibers
- 高分子学报 2026年页码：1-10
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院理化技术研究所仿生智能界面科学中心北京 100190
  2.中国科学院大学未来技术学院北京 100049
  3.中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院仿生界面材料科学全国重点实验室苏州 215123
  4.中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院合肥 230026
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: chenwp@mail.ipc.ac.cn
  kongxiangyu@mail.ipc.ac.cn
  wen@mail.ipc.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣22402077;22122207);21988102┫;中国科学院理化技术研究所所长基金(基金号 E5A9Q10201)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7564
- 收稿：2026-01-27，
  
  录用：2026-02-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-03，
- 稿件说明：
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杜华清, 闫子迪, 凌浩洋, 刘洋, 陈伟鹏, 孔祥玉, 闻利平. 基于复合纤维的仿神经自适应纳米流体离子限流器. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022.

Du, H. Q.; Yan, Z. D.; Ling, H. Y.; Liu, Y.; Chen, W. P.; Kong, X. Y.; Wen, L. P. Bioinspired adaptive nanofluidic ion current limiter based on composite fibers. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022.
杜华清, 闫子迪, 凌浩洋, 刘洋, 陈伟鹏, 孔祥玉, 闻利平. 基于复合纤维的仿神经自适应纳米流体离子限流器. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7564.

Du, H. Q.; Yan, Z. D.; Ling, H. Y.; Liu, Y.; Chen, W. P.; Kong, X. Y.; Wen, L. P. Bioinspired adaptive nanofluidic ion current limiter based on composite fibers. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26022. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7564.

摘要

以离子为传输介质的纳米流体器件具备链接生物与非生物界面的功能. 然而，当前报道的纳米流体器件缺乏类似电子限流器的自适应保护与非线性调控功能. 针对该问题，本研究报道了一种基于氧化石墨烯(GO)与纳米纤维素(NCF)复合纤维的纳米流体离子限流器. 该器件利用湿法纺丝工艺构建了层间距约为1 nm的有序限域纳米通道，实现了对离子的可控传输. 在强电场刺激下，通道入口的离子快速富集触发库仑阻塞效应，导致入口处通道内离子浓度降低并建立与电场方向相反的离子浓度梯度，诱导产生逆向离子流. 因此，器件电流在超过电压阈值后呈现下降趋势，体现出类似于电子电路限流功能的自适应电流饱和与衰减机制. 此外，基于该材料构建的刺激-响应系统成功模拟了生物神经信号的传导与超限抑制机制，并且可将信号载体拓展为神经递质多巴胺分子. 本工作为开发自适应仿生离子逻辑电路与神经形态计算系统提供了新的器件原型和理论依据.

Abstract

Nanofluidic devices for ions transport possess the ability to bridge the bio-abiotic interface. However

current nanofluidic devices fail to realize the adaptive protection and nonlinear regulation functions similar to electronic current limiters. To address this issue

we reported a nanofluidic ionic current limiter based on composite fibers of graphene oxide (GO) and nanocellulose (NCF). The fibers fabricated by wet-spinning were charactered by ordered confined nanochannels with an interlayer spacing of approximately 1 nm

enabling controllable ion transport. Under strong electrical field stimulation

rapid ion accumulation at the channel entrance triggered a Coulomb blockade effect

leading to a decrease in ion concentration at the entrance and the establishment of an ion concentration gradient opposite to the direction of the electric field

which induced a reverse ion flow. Consequently

the response current exhibited a decrease beyond a voltage threshold

demonstrating a self-adaptive current-limiting behavior analogous to that in electronic circuits. Furthermore

a stimulus-response system built with this material successfully mimiced the transmarginal inhibition mechanisms of neural signals

with the signal carrier can be extended to neurotransmitter (dopamine). This work provides a new device prototype and theoretical foundation for developing adaptive bio‑inspired ionic logic circuits and neuromorphic computing systems.

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Keywords

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