The development of universal strategies for synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) organic materials is crucial to expanding their structural diversity and exploring their applications in fields such as energy storage and catalysis. Recently, Geng et al. proposed a dynamic microinterfacial polymerization for the synthesis of 2D polymer sheets. This method features facile operation, as 2D polymer sheets (designated as PEO-BTA) can be prepared via simple stirring of immiscible solutions of poly(propylene glycol)bis(2-aminopropyl ether) in an ionic liquid and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride in n-hexane. 2D PEO-BTA sheets exhibit excellent processability. They can be chemically modified with sodium hydride to yield a material with high Na⁺ conductivity (designated as PEO-BTA-Na) or physically composited with HKUST-1, a prototypical metal-organic framework, to form 2D composite sheets (MOF@PEO-BTA-Na) while maintaining their inherent 2D morphology. The resulting 2D sheets can be readily assembled into free-standing membranes via vacuum filtration. Upon absorption of a liquid electrolyte, these membranes function as quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) for sodium metal batteries. Notably, the MOF@PEO-BTA-Na QSSE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.80 mS·cm^-1 and a sodium ion transference number of 0.95, which outperform those reported for QSSEs in the literature. Sodium metal batteries assembled with MOF@PEO-BTA-Na QSSE exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance in terms of interfacial stability, rate capability, and cycling lifespan. The dynamic microinterfacial polymerization thus holds great potential for the scalable synthesis of diverse 2D polymer materials, while opening a new avenue for the preparation of high-performance QSSEs.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) have highly ordered porous structures and ultra-large specific surface areas, attracting extensive attention in materials science. However, challenges remain in their antibacterial applications, such as insufficient structural stability, limited biocompatibility, and difficulty in precisely controlling the release behavior. Integrating MOFs with polymeric materials can enhance their antibacterial performance, improve processability, and reduce biological toxicity. Therefore, the preparation of MOF-based polymers can effectively expand the scope of MOF applications. This paper reviews the research progress on MOF-based polymeric antibacterial materials over the past five years in terms of synthesis strategies, antibacterial mechanisms, and applications, providing a reference for designing and developing high-performance MOF-based antibacterial materials.

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has emerged as a highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of high-solid-content nano-objects with diverse morphologies, which has attracted growing interest in polymer chemistry and nanomaterials. In recent years, the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic olefin monomers has been used in PISA because of its good controllability, high tolerance for functional groups, and availability for sterically hindered monomers. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA) has been demonstrated as a powerful platform for the preparation of a series of polyolefin block copolymer nano-objects containing unsaturated double bonds in the main chain. This review focuses on the advances in ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly. The morphologies, functions, and applications of nano-objects from ROMPISA are summarized from the perspectives of the organic, aqueous, and organic/aqueous phases, respectively. Challenges and opportunities are discussed to provide insights into the further development of polymerization-induced self-assembly.

This review comprehensively investigates how the molecular structures of metallocene catalysts govern the molecular structures of polyalphaolefins (PAOs), focusing on stereoregularity, regioregularity, and molecular weight. It also elucidates the critical relationship between PAO molecular structures and their performance properties. Specifically, it analyzes how key molecular parameters—including branch length, branch number, molecular weight, and stereochemistry—influence essential performance of base oil such as viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, crystallizability, shear stability, and tribological behavior. By synthesizing these structure-property-performance relationships, this article establishes a systematic framework for understanding the mPAO-based lubricants and serves as a foundational reference for developing high-performance mPAO-based lubricants.

It has shown that when the size of polymer materials is reduced to the nanoscale, the physical properties of polymers (e.g., glass transition temperature, diffusion, crystallization, rheological and mechanical behaviors) deviate substantially from their bulk counterparts, showing a pronounced size dependence. The free surface effect of polymers, which is the phenomenon of the chain mobility at the polymer/air (or vacuum) interface is enhanced, then further influencing the overall chain dynamics and physical properties of the polymer materials, is regarded as a key factor contributing to such size dependence. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the progress on the free surface effect of polymers, summarized the physical origins of the free surface effect, introduced its long-range propagation feature, discussed the microscopic mechanisms by which polymer structures and polymer/substrate interfacial effect influence the free surface effect, and prospected the future directions and potential applications in this field.

Bacterial infections pose a severe challenge to global public health, necessitating the development of novel and efficient antibacterial therapeutic strategies. In this study, a bilayer hydrogel delivery system with thermal responsiveness and thermostatic regulation was constructed to achieve on-demand burst release of bacteriophages and synergistic treatment in combination with antibiotics. By incorporating photothermal nanomaterials into the bottom hydrogel layer, laser irradiation induces localized heat generation, triggering a phase transition-driven contraction of the hydrogel and consequently enabling controlled phage release. Meanwhile, the upper hydrogel layer, devoid of photothermal components, restricted laser penetration through a phase transition-induced light-scattering effect, thereby precisely maintaining the system temperature below the hydrogel transition threshold and effectively preventing phage inactivation and tissue overheating. In vitro antibacterial assay demonstrated that the combined application of the controlled-release system and antibiotics achieves 99.9% eradication of wild-type Escherichia coli (WT E. coli). Furthermore, in a bacteria-infected wound model, this synergistic therapeutic strategy significantly accelerated wound healing. Overall, this work presents a multimodal synergistic therapeutic platform integrating on-demand release, intelligent thermal regulation, and synergistic antibacterial activity, providing a promising strategy for the treatment of bacteria-infected wounds.

This study employed a low-temperature solution and high-temperature melt polycondensation method to prepare transparent polyamides via a one-pot process, using alicyclic diamines such as 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (PACM) and 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (MACM), along with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of varying chain lengths as monomers. The successful synthesis of the polyamides was confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed only glass transition temperatures (T_g) without detectable melting temperatures (T_m), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that all samples possessed an amorphous structure. The research demonstrated that the material has a light transmittance above 90%, coupled with good mechanical properties. As the carbon chain length of the diacids increased, the enhanced flexibility of the molecular chains and the reduced density of amide linkages led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. MACM-based polyamides showed higher T_g compared to PACM-based ones due to the steric hindrance effect of the methyl groups. Furthermore, the equilibrium water absorption of the materials decreased significantly with increasing carbon chain length, which is beneficial for improving the dimensional stability of the products. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing polyamide materials with high transparency and low moisture absorption, suitable for applications in optical instruments and other precision components.

Solar-driven desalination holds significant potential for addressing global freshwater shortages. However, evaporators after prolonged operation commonly face challenges related to difficulty in recycling and degradation, which severely impacts the sustainable application of this technology. Inspired by paper recyclability and the traditional Chinese origami techniques, a recyclable origami-style evaporator was prepared using Enteromorpha prolifera cellulose as the main material mixed with pulp fibers, and graphene nanoplatelets were introduced to enhance its photothermal conversion performance. Under 1.0 kW·m^-2 illumination, the evaporator achieved an average evaporation rate of 2.20 kg·m^-2·h^-1. Outdoor experimental results demonstrated its effective removal capability for typical ions in seawater, including K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺, with a removal rate exceeding 99%. After recycling and re-preparation, the regenerated evaporator maintained an evaporation rate of 1.95 kg·m^-2·h^-1. This work not only provides novel structural inspiration for efficient desalination but also offers a sustainable solution to evaporator recyclability and the environmental issue of Enteromorpha prolifera blooms along the Chinese coastline.

Lithium metal anodes, with their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, are regarded as ideal candidates for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, its practical application is hindered by uncontrolled dendrite growth, severe interfacial side reactions, and significant volume change. The low lithium-ion transference number of conventional liquid electrolytes exacerbates the ionic concentration gradients at the electrode surface, further aggravating these issues. This study proposed and validated a facile photopolymerization strategy for constructing a rigid-yet-flexible ion-organic composite layer (IOL) on a lithium metal surface. This IOL was composed of inorganic cubic-phase garnet (Al/Nb-LLZO) particles with high ionic conductivity and mechanical rigidity, compounded with an elastic organic matrix of bisphenol A-glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA). Systematic characterization confirmed that the composite IOL exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.3×10^-5 S/cm and a high Li⁺ transference number of 0.82, which homogenized the Li⁺ flux and accelerated interfacial transport. Meanwhile, its synergistic rigid-flexible structure physically suppressed dendrite growth while accommodating volume changed during cycling and maintaining intimate interfacial contact. Electrochemical performance tests demonstrated that the IOL-modified symmetric cell exhibited ultralow and stable polarization (about 0.15 V) for over 3000 h. When paired with an NCM811 cathode, the full cell with a limited lithium source exhibited significantly enhanced cycling stability. Post-mortem microscopic analysis further revealed that the IOL guided the lithium metal to deposit in a dense and planar morphology, effectively suppressing "dead Li" formation and parasitic reactions. This study provides an efficient and scalable solution for concurrently addressing the kinetic, mechanical, and chemical stability challenges of lithium metal anodes from an interfacial engineering perspective, offering crucial insights for advancing the practical application of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.

In this work, a novel double-spiro mechaophore ISO-ABPX fused be catechol was designed and synthesized, and its photochromic and mechanochromic behaviors and mechanisms in polyurethane (PU) and double-network elastomer (PMA-PU) were systematically investigated. It was found that under both 365 nm ultraviolet light irradiation and external pressure, ISO-ABPX only underwent the ring-opening reaction of a single spiro group, generating the open-closed state (ISO-ABPXOC), which showed characteristic absorption bands at 520 and 557 nm, accompanied by a significant enhancement of fluorescence at 592 nm. The second spiro ring remained stable under both light and mechanical stimuli and was difficult to open. By constructing a double-network structure (PMA-PU), the photochromic response of the material was significantly suppressed, while the mechanochromic behavior remained prominent, demonstrating its selectivity in response to stimuli. The study also revealed that the ISO-ABPX@PU system reversibly returned to the initial closed-ring state after heating at 40 ℃, indicating good reversibility. Theoretical calculations (CoGEF) further revealed that the force required to break the C―N bond of the spiro group was approximately 4.37 nN, which supports the experimentally observed single spiro ring-opening pathway from an energy perspective. This work not only expands the structural types of bis-spiro force-responsive molecules but also provides new molecular design strategies and experimental evidence for the development of intelligent mechanical sensing materials with reversible and multi-state response properties.

Two pairs of asymmetric β-ketoimine isomers containing a hydroxyl group and the corresponding tridentate titanium complex isomers Ti1/Ti2 and Ti3/Ti4 were synthesized, and the isomeric ligands and complexes were confirmed by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. Under the action of the cocatalyst MAO, both pairs of titanium complex isomers exhibited high activity for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with α-olefins. Furthermore, the ethylene (co)polymerization activities of complexes Ti2 and Ti4 with the side arm near the phenyl group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding isomers Ti1 and Ti3 with the side arm near the hydroxyphenyl group. For ethylene polymerization, the activity of complex Ti4 with the methioaniline side arm was the highest, which was three times that of its isomer Ti3 and more than twice that of the similar structural complex Ti2 with the methioethylamine side arm and the control titanium complex Ti5 without the hydroxyl group. Moreover, Ti4 showed extremely high thermal stability, which can maintain extremely high activity above 10⁶ g·mol_Ti^-1·h^-1 at an ethylene pressure of 1.0 MPa and a high temperature of 100 ℃, and still had high activity at 120 ℃. In the copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins (1-hexene and 1-octene), the copolymerization activity and insertion rate of the comonomer catalyzed by the complexes Ti3 and Ti4 containing methylaniline side arms were significantly higher than those catalyzed by Ti1 and Ti2 with methioethylamine side arms, with a copolymerization activity of over 10⁶ g·mol_Ti^-1·h^-1. Ti4 exhibited the highest copolymerization activity, whereas the comonomer insertion rate obtained using Ti3 was the highest. The structure optimization of the β-ketoimine titanium complex isomers was calculated using density functional theory (DFT), and the results were consistent with the trend of the ethylene (co)polymerization activity and the thermal stability of the complexes. The complex Ti4 only required overcoming a relatively small activation energy barrier to complete chain growth, exhibiting the highest catalytic activity and strongest thermal stability.

To address the growing global carbon emissions and rising plastic pollution crisis, developing efficient catalytic systems for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO₂ and epoxides has emerged as a critical frontier in green polymer synthesis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of tri-centered aluminum porphyrin complexes (T-TPPAl). By constructing a ligand with a rigid conjugated backbone via a one-step acylation reaction, the synergistic effect among the active centers was significantly enhanced. This catalyst demonstrated superior efficacy in the copolymerization of CO₂ and propylene oxide (PO), achieving a maximum polymer selectivity of 98.4% and a carbonate unit content exceeding 96.4%. Systematic studies revealed a significant dependence of catalytic performance on CO₂ pressure. High selectivity and high carbonate content were obtained at moderate pressures (3-7 MPa). Notably, under supercritical CO₂ conditions, the enhanced synergistic effect of active sites significantly accelerated the activation and consecutive ring-opening insertion of epoxides, leading to an increased proportion of polyether segments and decreased carbonate unit content, while the polymer selectivity remains high. The successful development of this high-performance multi-centered aluminum porphyrin catalyst provides robust theoretical support for structural regulation and process optimization. Furthermore, it opens new avenues and perspectives for the industrial synthesis pathways of green polymeric materials.

To address the issues of poor toughness and insufficient functionality of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a series of organosilane copolymerization-modified PET copolyesters (SPET) were prepared by the direct copolymerization of terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene glycol (EG) with dihydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this study, the influence of the molecular weight of PDMS on its microstructure and macroscopic properties was investigated systematically. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosity [η] of all the synthesized SPET was greater than 0.7 dL/g, and the introduction of PDMS disrupted the regularity of the PET molecular chains, thereby reducing the crystallinity of SPET. When the molecular weight of PDMS was 2000 g/mol, microphase separation occurred between PDMS and PET, producing a nanoscale "island" structure at their interface, enhancing the mechanical properties of SPET. Among them, SPET2 exhibited excellent mechanical performance, with a tensile strength and elongation at break of 56.4 MPa and 502.8%, respectively, which were 12% and 43% higher than those of neat PET, respectively. The corresponding impact strength reached 11.68 kJ/m², which was 4.7 times that of PET. Driven by thermodynamics, PDMS would migrate to and enrich the surface of SPET, decreasing the surface energy of SPET and endowing the SPET material with excellent antifouling and flame-retardant properties.

Advanced electronic packaging is moving toward thinner and higher-density designs, exacerbating issues of insufficient substrate rigidity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch—driving the need for novel resin systems with high rigidity and low CTE. In this work, diamine monomers containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole moieties—namely, 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole (APBIA) and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzoxazole (APBOA)—were employed to modify a bismaleimide/allylphenol (BDM/DABP) resin system. The curing behavior and multiscale properties of the resulting composites were systematically investigated through a suite of analytical techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), as well as mechanical and dielectric performance evaluations. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of APBIA and APBOA significantly accelerates the curing reaction. Moreover, the synergistic effect of rigid heterocyclic structures and multiple hydrogen bonds effectively enhances the flexural modulus while substantially reducing the CTE—reaching a minimum value of 8.59×10^-6 ℃^-1. Notably, the APBOA-modified system, benefiting from its balanced curing kinetics, yields composite laminates with outstanding flexural strength (576.1 MPa). Additionally, it achieves a copper foil peel strength of 0.898 N·mm^-1, an ultralow dielectric loss of 0.00829 at 5 GHz, and a reduced water absorption of 0.818%. This study highlights that benzimidazole and benzoxazole architectures can serve as highly effective functional units, offering a promising new strategy for the development of high-performance electronic packaging substrate materials.

To address the challenges associated with the traditional empirical trial-and-error approach in waterborne polyurethane research, this study presents an integrated methodology that combines molecular simulation and the structural unit contribution method. First, a modular design strategy was employed to deconstruct the polyurethane system, and the key thermodynamic parameters of the components were obtained through molecular dynamics simulations. Second, a "formulation-property" calculation method was established based on the structural unit contribution method, enabling a quantitative correlation from microscopic structural units to segmental mobility. Finally, by integrating the structure-property relationship analysis with experimental validation, a strategy for regulating the material performance was established. Case studies revealed three typical mechanical behavior characteristics of polyurethanes: "high strength and high toughness," "high stiffness and high brittleness", and "stiffness-toughness balance" along with their underlying microscopic regulation mechanisms. This study provides a methodological reference for the optimized design and performance-oriented regulation of waterborne polyurethane materials.

High-end damping sector of China relies heavily on imported constant-viscosity natural rubber (CV-NR) products. Differences in processing technology between domestic and imported CV-NR lead to the poor storage stability of domestic CV-NR, which in turn affects its structure and properties. In this study, three distinct post-processing approaches, namely non-baling, baling, and dry-mixed baling, were applied to the CV-NR. The intrinsic properties, micro-mesoscopic structure, and mechanical properties of vulcanizates were characterized to investigate the effects of different processing techniques on the structure and properties of CV-NR. The results demonstrated that the baling treatment exerted no significant influence on the intrinsic properties and micro-mesoscopic structure of CV-NR. In contrast, dry-mixed baling treatment reduced the Mooney viscosity, plasticity initial value, macrogel content, molecular weight, and branching degree. Furthermore, both baling and dry-mixed baling treatments showed negligible effects on the conventional mechanical properties of CV-NR, whereas the dry-mixed baling treatment imparted superior dynamic mechanical properties to CV-NR.

In response to the need for stretchability and environmentally friendly processing in flexible displays, we designed and synthesized a polyfluorene derivative, PDBF_SiO, by incorporating hybrid siloxane side chains. Composite semiconductor films were constructed by blending the polymer with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers, and we found that the siloxane side chains effectively regulate the compatibility of the composite films, significantly suppressing phase separation and maintaining uniform morphology even at a PDMS content of 70%. This polymer exhibited blue emission with a thin-film photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 50.7%, along with good solubility in various green solvents while maintaining optical properties comparable to those in conventional toluene. This enabled the potential for eco‑friendly fabrication of stretchable displays. Polymer light‑emitting diodes (PLED) fabricated from both pristine and composite films showed promising deep‑blue electroluminescence. This study provides a viable molecular design strategy for developing flexible optoelectronic materials that combine stretchability, green processability, and high performance.