抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜研究进展

徐含睿; 王召意; 刘克凡; 董南希; 贾南方; 王杰; 刘丙学; 蔺道雷; 田国峰; 齐胜利; 武德珍

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113

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抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2025-09-25

- 抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜研究进展
- Progress on Functionalized Polyolefin Separators for Inhibiting Dendrite Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries
- 高分子学报 2025年页码：1-17
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室北京 100029
  2.北京宇程科技有限公司北京 102299
  3.中国有研科技集团有限公司国家动力电池创新中心北京 100088
  4.北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院常州 213164
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "齐胜利，男，1982年生. 北京化工大学教授、博士生导师. 2008年在北京化工大学获得博士学位，2009~2011年在日本名古屋大学从事JSPS博士后工作. 2014年获得江苏省杰出青年基金，2023年获得石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖. 主要研究方向为高性能及功能聚酰亚胺材料的分子设计及其在柔性电子、信息存储及二次能源系统中的应用." ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣5167301);21404005┫;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XK1802-2);校企合作产学研联合项目(L20240048;H20230659)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7452
- 收稿日期：2025-04-29，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-09-25，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
徐含睿, 王召意, 刘克凡, 董南希, 贾南方, 王杰, 刘丙学, 蔺道雷, 田国峰, 齐胜利, 武德珍. 抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113

Xu, H. R.; Wang, Z. Y.; Liu, K. F.; Dong, N. X.; Jia, N. F.; Wang, J.; Liu, B. X.; Lin, D. L.; Tian, G. F.; Qi, S. L.; Wu, D. Z. Progress on functionalized polyolefin separators for inhibiting dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries. Acta Polymerica Sinica, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113
徐含睿, 王召意, 刘克凡, 董南希, 贾南方, 王杰, 刘丙学, 蔺道雷, 田国峰, 齐胜利, 武德珍. 抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113 DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7452.

Xu, H. R.; Wang, Z. Y.; Liu, K. F.; Dong, N. X.; Jia, N. F.; Wang, J.; Liu, B. X.; Lin, D. L.; Tian, G. F.; Qi, S. L.; Wu, D. Z. Progress on functionalized polyolefin separators for inhibiting dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries. Acta Polymerica Sinica, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25113 DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7452.

摘要

以金属锂为负极的锂金属电池，因其高理论容量(3860 mAh·g

-1

)和低电位(-3.040 V versus标准氢电极)，有望成为极具前景的下一代高比能电池. 然而，锂负极表面枝晶生长和锂金属的持续损耗导致电池的循环寿命短，甚至造成安全隐患，严重阻碍了其商业化进程. 近年来，功能化聚烯烃隔膜在抑制锂枝晶方面展现出显著成效，能有效抑制锂枝晶的形成与生长. 本文综述了用于抑制锂枝晶生长的锂金属电池功能化聚烯烃隔膜的研究，介绍功能化聚烯烃隔膜抑制锂枝晶生长的构筑原理、关键特性及界面工程挑战；然后重点介绍了抑制锂枝晶生长的无机材料改性隔膜和聚合物基复合隔膜的特性及研究进展；最后结合当前研究，对抑制锂枝晶生长的功能化聚烯烃隔膜的未来发展方向和前景进行了展望. 本综述为实现高性能和高安全性的锂金属电池提供了新的思路和方向.

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with pure lithium metal as the anode

due to the high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh·g

-1

) and low potential (-3.040 V versus standard hydrogen electrode)

have been considered to the most promising energy systems for the next-generation high-energy battery. However

the problem of lithium dendrite growth on the surface of the lithium anode and the continuous loss of active lithium metal during charge-discharge process

have caused significantly reduced cycle life and critical safety hazards

seriously hindering the commercialization process of LMBs. To inhibit lithium dendrite

in recent years

functionalized polyolefin separators have been developed and manife

sted significant effects in suppressing the formation and growth of lithium dendrites. This paper reviews the research and application progress of functionalized polyolefin separators for LMBs in inhibiting lithium dendrite growth. Firstly

the key characteristics of functionalized polyolefin separators for inhibiting lithium dendrite are introduced. Then

the research progress of inorganic material-modified separators and polymer-based composite separators for inhibiting lithium dendrite are summarized

and their mechanisms and effects are discussed. Finally

based on the research progress and pioneering works in this field

we prospect the future development direction and potentials of functionalized polyolefin separators for inhibiting lithium dendrite growth. This review provides valuable references and directions for the achievement of high-performance and high-safety LMBs.

关键词

Keywords

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