聚氨酯弹性垫板老化前后的微观结构与单轴拉伸形变机理

朱平; 董全霄; 袁丽慧; 仇超; 仇鹏; 董侠; 王笃金

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163

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聚氨酯弹性垫板老化前后的微观结构与单轴拉伸形变机理

研究论文 | 更新时间：2025-12-12

- 聚氨酯弹性垫板老化前后的微观结构与单轴拉伸形变机理
- Structural Evolution and Mechanism of Original and Artificially-aged Elastic Polyurethane Plates under Uniaxial Tension
- 高分子学报 2025年页码：1-11
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料院重点实验室北京 100190
  2.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司高速铁路轨道系统全国重点实验室北京 100081
  3.河北铁科翼辰新材科技有限公司石家庄 052160
  4.中国科学院大学北京 100049
- 作者简介：
  
  E-mail: xiadong@iccas.ac.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  石家庄市高层次科技创新创业人才项目(08202307)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7465
- 收稿：2025-08-31，
  
  网络出版：2025-12-12，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
朱平, 董全霄, 袁丽慧, 仇超, 仇鹏, 董侠, 王笃金. 聚氨酯弹性垫板老化前后的微观结构与单轴拉伸形变机理. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163.

Zhu, P.; Dong, Q. X.; Yuan, L. H.; Qiu, C.; Qiu, P.; Dong, X.; Wang, D. J. Structural evolution and mechanism of original and artificially-aged elastic polyurethane plates under uniaxial tension. Acta Polymerica Sinica, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163.
朱平, 董全霄, 袁丽慧, 仇超, 仇鹏, 董侠, 王笃金. 聚氨酯弹性垫板老化前后的微观结构与单轴拉伸形变机理. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7465.

Zhu, P.; Dong, Q. X.; Yuan, L. H.; Qiu, C.; Qiu, P.; Dong, X.; Wang, D. J. Structural evolution and mechanism of original and artificially-aged elastic polyurethane plates under uniaxial tension. Acta Polymerica Sinica, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25163. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7465.

摘要

聚氨酯弹性垫板是高速铁路无砟轨道结构扣件系统中提供弹性缓振、保证列车高速运行安全和舒适的关键部件. 本研究通过示差扫描量热法、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、原位同步辐射X射线广角衍射/小角散射等多种表征方法系统分析了聚氨酯弹性垫板在高低温循环老化、湿热老化和高温老化前后的微观结构变化及其在单轴拉伸外场下的结构演化. 高低温老化对材料影响不显著；湿热老化对聚氨酯弹性垫板的影响最大，导致样品泡孔平均直径减小，泡孔密度增大，泡孔壁出现裂纹，微相分离程度显著提高，硬段玻璃化温度提高，聚四亚甲基氧醚(PTMO)软段受硬段限制作用减弱，发生一定程度的结晶，导致材料的刚度提高，弹性下降. 在单轴拉伸过程中，湿热老化后和高温老化样品的PTMO软段发生应变诱导结晶，提高了样品的拉伸及抗撕裂强度.

Abstract

Elastic polyurethane plates (EPPs) serve as the sole source of elastic cushioning for the ballastless track structure of high-speed railways

playing a crucial role in ensuring the safety and comfort of high-speed railway cars. This study investigated the microstructural changes in EPPs before and after exposure to thermal cycling between high and low temperatures

humidity-heat aging

and high-temperature aging

as well as the microstructural evolution under uniaxial te

nsile deformation. Multiple analytical techniques were employed

including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

and

in situ

synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray diffraction/small angle X-ray scattering (WAXD/SAXS). The samples subjected to thermal cycling between high and low temperatures exhibited little change. Humidity-heat aging had the most significant impact

causing the average cellular diameter to decrease

cellular density to increase

and cracks to appear in the cell walls. The extent of microphase separation was improved remarkably after humidity-heat aging. The glass transition temperature of the hard segment also increased. The restriction effect of the hard segments on the poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) soft segments was weakened

resulting in a certain degree of crystallization of the PTMO soft segments after aging. This could increase the stiffness and decrease the elasticity. After both humidity-heat aging and high-temperature aging

the PTMO soft segments underwent strain-induced crystallization under large strains

which enhanced the tensile and tear strengths of the materials.

关键词

Keywords

references

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