橡胶纳米复合材料界面和分散表征的研究进展

刘鑫阳; 张至逸; 田晨晨; 宁南英; 田明

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25213

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橡胶纳米复合材料界面和分散表征的研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-01-19

- 橡胶纳米复合材料界面和分散表征的研究进展
- Research Progress on Interface and Dispersion Characterization of Rubber Nanocomposites
- 高分子学报 2025年56卷第12期页码：2159-2190
- 作者机构：
  
  北京化工大学先进弹性体材料研究中心有机无机复合材料全国重点实验室北京 100029
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "田晨晨，女，1993年生，北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院，讲师. 2021年于北京化工大学获得博士学位. 主要研究方向为聚合物及其复合材料的多尺度微观结构表征和结构-性能关系研究. 主持国家自然科学基金青年基金项目与中国博士后科学基金面上项目2项." ]
  [ "田明，男，1971年生，北京化工大学教授、博士生导师. 2004年于北京化工大学获得博士学位. 长江学者特聘教授，国家杰出青年基金获得者，万人计划创新领军人才. 从事特种功能弹性体材料研究." ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣52127804);51373012┫
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25213
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7498
- 收稿：2025-08-29，
  
  录用：2025-10-14，
  
  网络出版：2025-12-01，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘鑫阳, 张至逸, 田晨晨, 宁南英, 田明. 橡胶纳米复合材料界面和分散表征的研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(12), 2159-2190

Liu, X. Y.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Tian, C. C.; Ning, N. Y.; Tian, M. Research progress on interface and dispersion characterization of rubber nanocomposites. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(12), 2159-2190
刘鑫阳, 张至逸, 田晨晨, 宁南英, 田明. 橡胶纳米复合材料界面和分散表征的研究进展. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(12), 2159-2190 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25213. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7498.

Liu, X. Y.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Tian, C. C.; Ning, N. Y.; Tian, M. Research progress on interface and dispersion characterization of rubber nanocomposites. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(12), 2159-2190 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25213. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7498.

摘要

橡胶纳米复合材料在交通运输(如高性能轮胎)、航空航天与国防等国家战略领域具有重要的应用价值，复合材料的宏观性能与纳米填料-橡胶的界面相互作用及填料在基体中的分散结构密切相关. 然而传统表征方法受限于分辨率不足，难以清晰阐明纳米尺度微观结构(界面性能、分散结构)与复合材料宏观性能的关联机制，从而无法为高性能橡胶纳米复合材料的设计与制备提供明确指导. 本综述主要介绍了如何利用原子力显微镜(AFM)纳米力学成像技术的高分辨优势，实现橡胶纳米复合材料界面结构(界面厚度、纳米力学性能)的定量表征，以及结合具有纳米级分辨率的三维扫描透射电镜(3D-STEM)与微米级视场的同步辐射X射线计算机断层扫描(X-ray CT)实现纳米填料在橡胶基体中三维分散结构的精细化表征，包括填料聚集体分散均匀性、尺寸分布、内部密实度及填料网络结构的支化度和连通性等. 总结了橡胶与填料的物理化学性质对纳米复合材料多尺度微观结构的影响规律.

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites have significant applications in strategic national sectors such as transportation (

e.g.

high-performance tires)

aerospace

and defense. The macroscopic properties of these composites are closely related to the interfa

cial interactions between nanofillers and polymers

as well as the dispersion structure of the fillers within the matrix. However

conventional characterization techniques are limited by insufficient resolution

making it difficult to clearly elucidate the relationship between nanoscale microstructures (interfacial properties

dispersion morphology) and the macroscopic performance of composites

thereby failing to provide clear guidance for the design and fabrication of high-performance polymer nanocomposites. This article focuses on leveraging the high-resolution advantages of Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping Technique of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM nanomechanics) to achieve quantitative characterization of the interfacial structure (interfacial thickness and nanomechanical properties) in polymer nanocomposites. Furthermore

it discusses the integration of three-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (3D-STEM)

which offers nanometer-scale resolution

with Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) that provides micrometer-scale field of view to detailed characterization of the 3D dispersion structure of nanofillers within the polymer matrix. This includes the uniformity of filler aggregate dispersion

size distribution

internal compactness

as well as the branching and connectivity of filler network structures. The influence of the physical and chemical properties of both polymers and fillers on the multiscale microstructure of nanocomposites is also summarized.

关键词

Keywords

references

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