光响应智能自适应材料体系：光控拓扑重构聚合物

杨湉湉; 许华平

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25220

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光响应智能自适应材料体系：光控拓扑重构聚合物

综述 | 更新时间：2026-01-19

- 光响应智能自适应材料体系：光控拓扑重构聚合物
- Photo-responsive Intelligent Adaptive Material Systems: Light-controlled Topological Reconfiguration Polymers
- 高分子学报 2025年56卷第12期页码：2302-2333
- 作者机构：
  
  清华大学化学系北京 100084
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "许华平，男，1978年生. 清华大学化学系教授，党委书记。2001年和2006年分别在吉林大学化学学院获得学士和博士学位，导师为张希院士. 2004~2005年，在比利时鲁汶大学交流学习1年. 2006~2008年在荷兰Twente大学从事博士后研究. 2008年7月起在清华大学化学系工作. 曾获国家自然科学基金委杰出青年科学基金资助，入选北京市卓越青年科学家计划(2024年)，获科学探索奖(2023年)、中国化学会高分子科学创新论文奖(2021年)等。目前担任美国化学会ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces执行主编，担任ACS Macro Letters、Chinese Journal of Polymer Science、Supramolecular Material、《化学教育》、《大学化学》等期刊编委. 主要研究方向为含硒/碲高分子动态化学及材料." ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金重点项目(基金号 52233012);北京市教委卓越青年科学家项目和科学探索奖资助
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25220
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7502
- 收稿：2025-09-08，
  
  录用：2025-10-26，
  
  网络出版：2025-12-10，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-20
- 稿件说明：
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杨湉湉, 许华平. 光响应智能自适应材料体系：光控拓扑重构聚合物. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(12), 2302-2333

Yang T. T.; Xu H. P. Photo-responsive intelligent adaptive material systems: light-controlled topological reconfiguration polymers. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(12), 2302-2333
杨湉湉, 许华平. 光响应智能自适应材料体系：光控拓扑重构聚合物. 高分子学报, 2025, 56(12), 2302-2333 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25220. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7502.

Yang T. T.; Xu H. P. Photo-responsive intelligent adaptive material systems: light-controlled topological reconfiguration polymers. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2025, 56(12), 2302-2333 DOI： 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2025.25220. CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2025.7502.

摘要

智能自适应材料作为现代高新材料系统重要的组成部分，被广泛应用于制造业、光电子、生物纳米应用等前沿领域.由于相比于其他刺激源(如温度、pH等)，光信号具有清洁可再生、高时空分辨率等优点，因此基于光响应的智能自适应材料近年来基础研究与技术应用层面均得到大力发展. 聚合物的拓扑结构作为材料性能的决定性因素，其动态重构能力直接影响材料的智能化水平，因此光诱导拓扑重构成为构建光响应智能自适应材料的核心策略. 本综述首先系统梳理了光响应材料中常用光敏基团的光诱导化学/物理反应机制，继而聚焦光控拓扑结构转变的多层级响应过程：通过典型案例分析，阐明光敏基团的异构化、解离/重组等行为在聚合物链段层级(如交联密度调控)、网络层级(如三维拓扑重构)、网络贯通性层面(如链断裂降解)以及界面工程中的调控机制与功能化设计. 最后，针对当前光控重构材料存在的响应速率不足、效率低、光毒性及生物毒性难以消解等瓶颈问题进行分析，并展望其在自适应涂层、可编程软机器人等领域的应用前景.

Abstract

Intelligent adaptive materials constitute a vital component

of modern advanced material systems. Compared to other stimuli such as temperature and pH

light exhibit advantageous characters including cleanliness

renewability

and high spatiotemporal resolution. As a result

light-responsive intelligent adaptive materials have witnessed significant development in recent years

both in fundamental research and technological applications. They are now widely applied in frontier fields such as manufacturing

optoelectronics

and bio-nano applications. Polymer topology network

as a decisive factor in material properties

directly influences the material intelligence level through its dynamic reconfiguration capability. This review begins with systematically summarizing the photochemical/physical reaction mechanisms of commonly used photosensitive moieties in light-responsive materials. It then focuses on the multi-level response processes involved in light-controlled topological transformations: through analysis of representative cases

the review elucidates the modulation mechanisms of photo-induced behaviours in photosensitive groups (including isomerization

dissociation/recombination) on material topological structures across multiple molecular-scale aspects—including polymer chain segments (

e.g.

alteration of crosslinking density)

network architecture (

e.g.

three-dimensional topological reconfiguration)

network integrity (

e.g.

chain scission and degradation)

and interface engineering. Finally

the review analyzes current bottlenecks in light-controlled topology reconfigurable materials—such as insufficient response rates

low efficiency

and challenges in mitigating phototoxicity and biotoxicity

and envision their applications in fields like adaptive coatings and programmable soft robotics.

关键词

Keywords

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