聚合物纳米材料在阿尔茨海默病蛋白稳态调控中的研究进展

王斯雷; 徐琳琳; 史林启

doi:10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148

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聚合物纳米材料在阿尔茨海默病蛋白稳态调控中的研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-07-24

- 聚合物纳米材料在阿尔茨海默病蛋白稳态调控中的研究进展
- Advances in Polymer Nanomaterials for the Regulation of Protein Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease
- 高分子学报 2026年页码：1-26
- 作者机构：
  
  南开大学化学学院高分子化学研究所功能高分子材料教育部重点实验室天津 300071
- 作者简介：
  
  徐琳琳，女，1992年生，2015年于山东科技大学获学士学位，2022年于南开大学获博士学位，2022年至今在南开大学从事博士后研究. 主要研究方向为纳米分子伴侣调控阿尔茨海默病蛋白质稳态，主持国家自然科学基金青年项目和中国博士后科学基金面上项目. E-mail: llxu@mail.nankai.edu.cn
  史林启，男，1963 年生，1984年本科毕业于河北大学. 1993年在中国科学院长春应用化学研究所获博士学位. 1998年起任南开大学教授，主要从事纳米分子伴侣设计制备及调控蛋白质折叠和稳态平衡、抗肿瘤和抗细菌耐药高分子纳米药物的研究. 2006年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助，2012年教育部“创新团队发展计划”负责人，发表研究论文300余篇，他引15000余次，出版专著3部，授权专利14项. 2018年获Wiley Biosciences Award，2019年获得中国生物材料学会“生物医用高分子材料突出贡献奖”，2022年获天津市自然科学一等奖. E-mail: shilinqi@nankai.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1205702);国家自然科学基金(基金号 ┣52293383;52303188);52403190┫;中国博士后科学基金资助项目(证书编号：2023M731786)
- DOI：10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148
  中图分类号：
- CSTR：32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7651
- 收稿：2026-04-30，
  
  录用：2026-06-04，
  
  网络首发：2026-07-24，
- 稿件说明：
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王斯雷, 徐琳琳, 史林启. 聚合物纳米材料在阿尔茨海默病蛋白稳态调控中的研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148.

Wang, S. L.; Xu, L. L.; Shi, L. Q. Advances in polymer nanomaterials for the regulation of protein homeostasis in alzheimer’s disease. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148.
王斯雷, 徐琳琳, 史林启. 聚合物纳米材料在阿尔茨海默病蛋白稳态调控中的研究进展. 高分子学报, doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7651.

Wang, S. L.; Xu, L. L.; Shi, L. Q. Advances in polymer nanomaterials for the regulation of protein homeostasis in alzheimer’s disease. Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2026.26148. DOI： CSTR： 32057.14.GFZXB.2026.7651.

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD

)中A

和tau在错误折叠、异常聚集及清除降解等环节中的蛋白质稳态失衡，是驱动神经退行性病变和认知功能衰退的重要病理基础，且其相关病理并非孤立发生，而是与神经炎症、突触损伤及神经元死亡等过程耦联. 在此背景下，传统异常蛋白干预策略仍面临病理物种识别不精准、聚集调控与清除衔接不足、靶点单一及脑递送受限等局限. 聚合物纳米材料因具有结构可设计、组装可调控和功能可拓展等特点，已由药物递送载体逐步发展为可主动参与异常蛋白调控和多病理干预的功能体系. 本文围绕聚合物胶束、超分子组装体和肽基组装体系三类代表性材料，系统综述其在A

和tau异常蛋白调控中的设计与研究进展，重点分析其在异常蛋白聚集抑制与清除促进、多功能协同干预及脑递送优化等方面的特点，并总结该领域由被动递送向主动调控、由单一靶点向多功能协同干预发展的研究趋势，为AD异常蛋白调控材料的设计与转化提供参考.

Abstract

In Alzheimer's disease (AD)

the disruption of A

and tau proteostasis during misfolding

aberrant aggregation

clearance

and degradation represents an important pathological basis driving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The related pathologies do not occur in isolation

but are closely coupled with neuroinflammation

synaptic damage

and neuronal death. In this context

conventional strategies targeting pathological proteins still face several limitations

including imprecise recognition of pathological species

insufficient coordination between aggregation regulation and clearance

single-target intervention

and restricted brain delivery. Owing to their designable structures

unable assembly behaviors

and extensible functionalities

polymeric nanomaterials have gradually expanded beyond drug delivery carriers to become functional systems capable of actively participating in abnormal protein regulation and multi-pathological intervention. Focusing on three representative material systems

including polymeric micelles

supramolecular assemblies

and peptide-based assemblies

this review systematically summarizes their design principles and research progress in the regulation of A

and tau pathology. Particular attention is given to their characteristics in inhibiting abnormal protein aggregation and promoting clearance

enabling multifunctional synergistic intervention

and optimizing brain delivery. Finally

this review summarizes the research trends in this field from passive delivery to active regulation and from single-target intervention to multifunctional synergy

providing a reference for the design and translational development of materials for abnormal protein regulation in AD.

关键词

Keywords

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